Romans 1

Authorized King James Version

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Greeting

1 Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of GodGod: Θεός (Theos). The Greek Theos (Θεός) refers to deity, used both for the one true God and false gods. Context determines whether it denotes the Father specifically or the Godhead generally., References Jesus: Romans 15:16, 1 Corinthians 1:1, 9:1, 2 Corinthians 1:1, Galatians 1:1, Colossians 1:1, Titus 1:1. References God: Romans 1:9. Parallel theme: Jeremiah 1:5, Acts 9:15 +5

2 (Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holyHoly: ἅγιος (Hagios). The Greek hagios (ἅγιος) denotes holiness—moral purity and separation unto God. Believers are called 'saints' (hagioi), those set apart for God through Christ's sanctifying work. scriptures,) Covenant: Acts 26:6, Titus 1:2. Prophecy: Acts 10:43. Holy: Luke 1:70. Word: Romans 3:21, 16:26. Parallel theme: Romans 3:2 +2

3 Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; References Jesus: Matthew 1:1, 1 Thessalonians 1:10. References Lord: Psalms 2:7, John 20:28. Creation: John 1:14, Galatians 4:4. References David: Amos 9:11. Parallel theme: Genesis 3:15, John 1:49, 10:30 +5

4 And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrectionResurrection: ἀνάστασις (Anastasis). The Greek anastasis (ἀνάστασις) means resurrection—rising from death to life. Christ's resurrection is the 'firstfruits' (1 Corinthians 15:20), guaranteeing believers' future bodily resurrection and victory over death. from the dead: Resurrection: Acts 2:24, 2:32, 3:15. References God: 2 Corinthians 13:4. Spirit: Hebrews 9:14, 1 Peter 1:11, Revelation 19:10. Holy: 2 Peter 1:21. Parallel theme: Romans 1:3, Revelation 1:18 +5

5 By whom we have received graceGrace: χάρις (Charis). The Greek charis (χάρις) denotes unmerited divine favor—God's kindness toward the undeserving. Salvation is 'by grace through faith' (Ephesians 2:8), not human merit. and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name: Faith: Romans 12:3, 16:26, Acts 6:7. Grace: 1 Corinthians 15:10. Parallel theme: Romans 3:29, Malachi 1:11, Acts 1:25, 9:15, 1 Corinthians 9:2, Hebrews 5:9 +5

6 Among whom are ye also the called of Jesus Christ: References Jesus: 1 Corinthians 1:9, 2 Timothy 1:9, Hebrews 3:1. References Christ: 1 Peter 2:21. Parallel theme: Ephesians 1:11, 1 Peter 2:9, 2 Peter 1:10, Revelation 17:14 +3

7 To all that be in Rome, beloved of God, called to be saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ. Grace: 2 Corinthians 13:14, Ephesians 1:2, Colossians 1:2, 1 Thessalonians 1:1, 2 Thessalonians 3:18, Philemon 1:3, 1:25, 2 John 1:3, Revelation 22:21. Peace: 2 Thessalonians 3:16 +5

Paul's Desire to Visit Rome

8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faithFaith: πίστις (Pistis). The Greek pistis (πίστις) denotes faith, belief, or trust—confidence in God's character and promises. It's both intellectual assent and relational trust, central to justification (Romans 5:1). is spoken of throughout the whole world. References Jesus: 1 Corinthians 1:4, Ephesians 5:20, Colossians 1:3, 1 Peter 2:5, 4:11. References God: Romans 6:17, Philippians 1:3, Hebrews 13:15. Faith: Ephesians 1:15. Parallel theme: Romans 16:19 +5

9 For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospelGospel: εὐαγγέλιον (Euangelion). The Greek euangelion (εὐαγγέλιον) means good news or gospel—the message of salvation through Christ's death and resurrection. It's 'the power of God unto salvation' (Romans 1:16). of his Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers; References God: Acts 27:23, 2 Corinthians 1:23. Spirit: Romans 9:1, Acts 19:21, Ephesians 6:18, Philippians 3:3. Prayer: 1 Thessalonians 1:2, 3:10, 5:17, 2 Timothy 1:3 +5

10 Making request, if by any means now at length I might have a prosperous journey by the will of GodGod: Θεός (Theos). The Greek Theos (Θεός) refers to deity, used both for the one true God and false gods. Context determines whether it denotes the Father specifically or the Godhead generally. to come unto you. References God: Acts 18:21, Philippians 4:6. Parallel theme: Acts 19:21, 1 Thessalonians 2:18, Philemon 1:22, Hebrews 13:19, James 4:15 +2

11 For I long to see you, that I may impart unto you some spiritual gift, to the end ye may be established; Spirit: Acts 19:6. Parallel theme: Romans 15:29, 16:25, 2 Chronicles 20:20, Acts 16:5, 2 Thessalonians 2:17, 3:3, 1 Peter 5:10, 5:12, 2 Peter 1:12 +5

12 That is, that I may be comforted together with you by the mutual faith both of you and me.

13 Now I would not have you ignorant, brethren, that oftentimes I purposed to come unto you, (but was let hitherto,) that I might have some fruit among you also, even as among other Gentiles. Parallel theme: Romans 11:25, Acts 19:21, 1 Corinthians 10:1, 12:1, 2 Corinthians 1:8, Philippians 4:17, Colossians 1:6, 1 Thessalonians 2:18, 4:13, 2 Timothy 4:17 +5

14 I am debtor both to the Greeks, and to the Barbarians; both to the wise, and to the unwise. Parallel theme: Romans 1:22, 8:12, 12:16, 13:8, 16:19, Isaiah 35:8, Acts 9:15, 22:21, 2 Corinthians 11:19, Colossians 3:11 +5

15 So, as much as in me is, I am ready to preach the gospel to you that are at Rome also. Parallel theme: Romans 15:20, 1 Corinthians 9:17

The Power of the Gospel

16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ: for it is the power of GodGod: Θεός (Theos). The Greek Theos (Θεός) refers to deity, used both for the one true God and false gods. Context determines whether it denotes the Father specifically or the Godhead generally. unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek. References Christ: 1 Peter 4:16. Salvation: 1 Corinthians 2:2. References God: 2 Timothy 1:8, Hebrews 4:12. Faith: Romans 10:17, 2 Corinthians 4:4, 2 Timothy 1:12. Parallel theme: Mark 8:38, Luke 9:26, 1 Corinthians 2:4 +5

17 For therein is the righteousness of God revealed from faithFaith: πίστις (Pistis). The Greek pistis (πίστις) denotes faith, belief, or trust—confidence in God's character and promises. It's both intellectual assent and relational trust, central to justification (Romans 5:1). to faith: as it is written, The just shall live by faith. Faith: Romans 3:3, 9:30, Habakkuk 2:4, John 3:36, Galatians 3:11, Philippians 3:9, Hebrews 10:38. Righteousness: Romans 3:21 +3

God's Wrath Against Sin

18 For the wrathWrath: ὀργή (Orgē). The Greek orgē (ὀργή) means wrath—settled, righteous anger against sin. Believers are 'saved from wrath through him' (Romans 5:9), as Christ bore God's wrath on the cross, satisfying divine justice. of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; Judgment: Romans 1:32, 2:3, 4:15, Ephesians 5:6, Colossians 3:6. References God: Romans 1:19, 1:28. Righteousness: Romans 5:9, 6:13, 2 Thessalonians 2:10 +5

19 Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them. References God: Romans 1:20. Parallel theme: Isaiah 40:26, John 1:9

20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: References God: Romans 1:19, John 1:18, Colossians 2:9. Creation: Isaiah 40:26. Eternal Life: 1 Timothy 1:17. Parallel theme: Romans 2:15, Psalms 8:3, 104:5, 119:90, John 15:22 +5

21 Because that, when they knew GodGod: Θεός (Theos). The Greek Theos (Θεός) refers to deity, used both for the one true God and false gods. Context determines whether it denotes the Father specifically or the Godhead generally., they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. References God: Psalms 50:23. Glory: Revelation 14:7. Darkness: John 3:19, 1 Peter 2:9. Parallel theme: 2 Kings 17:15, Psalms 81:12, Jeremiah 2:5, 16:19, 2 Timothy 3:2, Revelation 15:4 +5

22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, Parallel theme: Romans 11:25, Proverbs 25:14, 26:12, Isaiah 47:10, Jeremiah 10:14, Matthew 6:23

23 And changed the gloryGlory: δόξα (Doxa). The Greek doxa (δόξα) means glory, splendor, or magnificence—the radiant manifestation of God's perfection. Christ revealed the Father's glory: 'we beheld his glory' (John 1:14). of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. References God: Romans 1:25, Isaiah 40:18, Acts 17:29. Glory: Psalms 106:20, Jeremiah 2:11. Creation: Isaiah 40:26. Parallel theme: Deuteronomy 5:8, Isaiah 44:13, Ezekiel 8:10, 1 Peter 4:3 +5

24 Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonour their own bodies between themselves: References God: Acts 7:42, 1 Corinthians 6:13. Parallel theme: Romans 6:12, Leviticus 18:22, Matthew 15:14, Acts 14:16, 1 Corinthians 6:18, 1 Thessalonians 4:4 +3

25 Who changed the truthTruth: ἀλήθεια (Aletheia). The Greek aletheia (ἀλήθεια) denotes truth or reality—that which corresponds to actuality. Jesus declared, 'I am the way, the truth, and the life' (John 14:6), embodying ultimate reality. of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen. References God: Romans 1:23, 2 Timothy 3:4. Blessing: Romans 9:5, 2 Corinthians 11:31. Truth: Romans 1:18, 1 John 5:20. Parallel theme: Isaiah 44:20, Jeremiah 13:25, Amos 2:4, Habakkuk 2:18 +5

26 For this cause GodGod: Θεός (Theos). The Greek Theos (Θεός) refers to deity, used both for the one true God and false gods. Context determines whether it denotes the Father specifically or the Godhead generally. gave them up unto vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: References God: Romans 1:24, 1:28, 1 Corinthians 6:9, 1 Thessalonians 4:5. Parallel theme: Genesis 19:5, Judges 19:22, Ephesians 4:19, 5:12, 1 Timothy 1:10, Jude 1:7 +5

27 And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompence of their error which was meet. Parallel theme: Leviticus 18:22, 20:13

28 And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; References God: Romans 1:21, 1:24, 2 Thessalonians 1:8, Titus 1:16. Parallel theme: Proverbs 1:7, 1:22, 1:29, Jeremiah 6:30, 9:6, 2 Timothy 3:8 +5

29 Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, Parallel theme: Psalms 41:7, Proverbs 16:28, 26:20, 2 Corinthians 12:20

30 Backbiters, haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, Evil: James 4:16. Parallel theme: 2 Timothy 3:2, James 3:5, 2 Peter 2:18, Jude 1:16

31 Without understanding, covenantbreakers, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful: Parallel theme: Proverbs 18:2, 2 Timothy 3:3

32 Who knowing the judgment of GodGod: Θεός (Theos). The Greek Theos (Θεός) refers to deity, used both for the one true God and false gods. Context determines whether it denotes the Father specifically or the Godhead generally., that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them. References God: Romans 1:21. Judgment: Romans 1:18. Parallel theme: Romans 6:21, Psalms 50:18, Hosea 7:3, Luke 11:48, Acts 8:1, 22:20 +3