Romans 1:9

Authorized King James Version

For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of his Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers;

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
μάρτυς
witness
a witness (literally (judicially) or figuratively (genitive case)); by analogy, a "martyr"
#2
γάρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
μου
my
of me
#4
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
θεός
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#7
whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#8
λατρεύω
I serve
to minister (to god), i.e., render religious homage
#9
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#10
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
πνεύματί
spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#12
μου
my
of me
#13
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#14
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
εὐαγγελίῳ
the gospel
a good message, i.e., the gospel
#16
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
υἱοῦ
Son
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
#18
αὐτοῦ
of his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#19
ὡς
that
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
#20
ἀδιαλείπτως
G89
without ceasing
uninterruptedly, i.e., without omission (on an appropriate occasion)
#21
μνείαν
mention
recollection; by implication, recital
#22
ὑμῶν
of you
of (from or concerning) you
#23
ποιοῦμαι
I make
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
#24
πάντοτε
always
every when, i.e., at all times
#25
ἐπὶ
in
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#26
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#27
προσευχῶν
prayers
prayer (worship); by implication, an oratory (chapel)
#28
μου
my
of me

Analysis

This verse develops the faith and obedience theme central to Romans. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of faith and obedience within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on faith and obedience particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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