Romans 16

Personal Greetings

1 I commend unto you Phebe our sister, which is a servant of the church which is at Cenchrea: Parallel theme: Acts 18:18, 2 Corinthians 3:1, James 2:15

2 That ye receive her in the LordLord: Κύριος (Kurios). The Greek Kurios (Κύριος) means 'lord' or 'master,' used both for human masters and divinely for God the Father and Jesus Christ. Its application to Jesus affirms His deity, as it translates YHWH in the Septuagint., as becometh saints, and that ye assist her in whatsoever business she hath need of you: for she hath been a succourer of many, and of myself also. References Lord: Philippians 2:29. Parallel theme: Philippians 1:27

3 Greet Priscilla and Aquila my helpers in Christ Jesus: References Christ: Romans 16:9. Parallel theme: Acts 18:26, 1 Corinthians 16:16, 16:19, 2 Timothy 4:19

4 Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles. Parallel theme: 1 John 3:16

5 Likewise greet the church that is in their house. Salute my wellbeloved Epaenetus, who is the firstfruits of Achaia unto Christ. Love: Philemon 1:2. Parallel theme: Matthew 18:20, 1 Corinthians 16:15, 16:19, Colossians 4:15

6 Greet Mary, who bestowed much labour on us. Parallel theme: Romans 16:12

7 Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellowprisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me. References Christ: 2 Corinthians 5:17, Galatians 1:22, Philemon 1:23. Parallel theme: Romans 16:11, 16:21, Colossians 4:10

8 Greet Amplias my beloved in the LordLord: Κύριος (Kurios). The Greek Kurios (Κύριος) means 'lord' or 'master,' used both for human masters and divinely for God the Father and Jesus Christ. Its application to Jesus affirms His deity, as it translates YHWH in the Septuagint..

9 Salute Urbane, our helper in Christ, and Stachys my beloved.

10 Salute Apelles approved in Christ. Salute them which are of Aristobulus' household. References Christ: Romans 14:18, 1 Peter 1:7. Parallel theme: Deuteronomy 8:2, 1 Corinthians 11:19, 2 Corinthians 2:9, 8:22, Philippians 2:22, 1 Timothy 3:10, 2 Timothy 4:19 +4

11 Salute Herodion my kinsman. Greet them that be of the household of Narcissus, which are in the Lord.

12 Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the beloved Persis, which laboured much in the Lord. Love: 1 Corinthians 15:58. Parallel theme: 1 Corinthians 16:16

13 Salute Rufus chosen in the LordLord: Κύριος (Kurios). The Greek Kurios (Κύριος) means 'lord' or 'master,' used both for human masters and divinely for God the Father and Jesus Christ. Its application to Jesus affirms His deity, as it translates YHWH in the Septuagint., and his mother and mine. Parallel theme: Mark 15:21, John 15:16, 1 Timothy 5:2, 2 John 1:1

14 Salute Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermas, Patrobas, Hermes, and the brethren which are with them.

15 Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them. Holy: Romans 16:2

16 Salute one another with an holyHoly: ἅγιος (Hagios). The Greek hagios (ἅγιος) denotes holiness—moral purity and separation unto God. Believers are called 'saints' (hagioi), those set apart for God through Christ's sanctifying work. kiss. The churches of Christ salute you. References Christ: 1 Peter 5:14. Holy: 1 Corinthians 16:20, 2 Corinthians 13:12, 1 Thessalonians 5:26. Parallel theme: Acts 20:37

Final Instructions and Greetings

17 Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid them. Parallel theme: Matthew 18:7, 1 Corinthians 3:3, Galatians 2:4, Philippians 3:17, Colossians 2:8, 2 Thessalonians 3:6, 1 Timothy 1:3, 2 Timothy 3:5, Titus 3:10, Jude 1:19 +5

18 For they that are such serve not our LordLord: Κύριος (Kurios). The Greek Kurios (Κύριος) means 'lord' or 'master,' used both for human masters and divinely for God the Father and Jesus Christ. Its application to Jesus affirms His deity, as it translates YHWH in the Septuagint. Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple. References Christ: Matthew 24:24. References Lord: Micah 3:5. Word: Colossians 2:4, 2 Peter 2:3, Jude 1:16. Parallel theme: Proverbs 22:3, Matthew 7:15, Philippians 3:19, 2 Thessalonians 2:10, 1 Timothy 6:5 +5

19 For your obedience is come abroad unto all men. I am glad therefore on your behalf: but yet I would have you wise unto that which is good, and simple concerning evil. Evil: Jeremiah 4:22. Parallel theme: Romans 1:8, Psalms 101:2, Matthew 10:16, Luke 10:3, 1 Corinthians 14:20, Ephesians 5:17, Philippians 1:9, 2:15, Colossians 3:16 +5

20 And the GodGod: Θεός (Theos). The Greek Theos (Θεός) refers to deity, used both for the one true God and false gods. Context determines whether it denotes the Father specifically or the Godhead generally. of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Amen. References Christ: Revelation 12:10. References God: 1 John 3:8. References Lord: Zechariah 10:5, Malachi 4:3. Grace: 1 Thessalonians 5:28, Revelation 22:21. Peace: Romans 15:33. Parallel theme: Romans 8:37, Genesis 3:15, Luke 10:19 +5

21 Timotheus my workfellow, and Lucius, and Jason, and Sosipater, my kinsmen, salute you. Parallel theme: Romans 16:7, 16:11, Acts 13:1, 17:5, 20:4

22 I Tertius, who wrote this epistle, salute you in the Lord. Parallel theme: Galatians 6:11

23 Gaius mine host, and of the whole church, saluteth you. Erastus the chamberlain of the city saluteth you, and Quartus a brother. Parallel theme: Acts 19:22, 1 Corinthians 1:14, 2 Timothy 4:20

24 The graceGrace: χάρις (Charis). The Greek charis (χάρις) denotes unmerited divine favor—God's kindness toward the undeserving. Salvation is 'by grace through faith' (Ephesians 2:8), not human merit. of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.

Doxology

25 Now to him that is of power to stablish you according to my gospelGospel: εὐαγγέλιον (Euangelion). The Greek euangelion (εὐαγγέλιον) means good news or gospel—the message of salvation through Christ's death and resurrection. It's 'the power of God unto salvation' (Romans 1:16)., and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began, References Jesus: Romans 2:16, Ephesians 3:9, 2 Thessalonians 2:14. References Christ: Acts 9:20, 1 Corinthians 1:23. Parallel theme: Matthew 13:17, Acts 20:32, 1 Corinthians 2:7, 2 Corinthians 4:3, Ephesians 1:9 +5

26 But now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith: Faith: Romans 1:5, Galatians 3:8. Word: Romans 1:2, 15:4, 15:18. Eternal Life: Isaiah 40:28, 1 Timothy 1:17, 1 John 5:20. Creation: Colossians 1:26, 2 Timothy 1:10 +5

27 To God only wise, be gloryGlory: δόξα (Doxa). The Greek doxa (δόξα) means glory, splendor, or magnificence—the radiant manifestation of God's perfection. Christ revealed the Father's glory: 'we beheld his glory' (John 1:14). through Jesus Christ for ever. Amen. Glory: Romans 11:36, 1 Timothy 1:17