Romans 16:12

Authorized King James Version

Salute Tryphena and Tryphosa, who labour in the Lord. Salute the beloved Persis, which laboured much in the Lord.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἀσπάσασθε
Salute
to enfold in the arms, i.e., (by implication) to salute, (figuratively) to welcome
#2
Τρύφαιναν
Tryphena
luxurious; tryphaena, a christian woman
#3
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#4
Τρυφῶσαν
Tryphosa
luxuriating; tryphosa, a christian female
#5
τὰς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
ἐκοπίασεν
laboured
to feel fatigue; by implication, to work hard
#7
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#8
κυρίῳ
the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#9
ἀσπάσασθε
Salute
to enfold in the arms, i.e., (by implication) to salute, (figuratively) to welcome
#10
Περσίδα
Persis
a persian woman; persis, a christian female
#11
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ἀγαπητήν
G27
the beloved
beloved
#13
ἥτις
which
which some, i.e., any that; also (definite) which same
#14
πολλὰ
much
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
#15
ἐκοπίασεν
laboured
to feel fatigue; by implication, to work hard
#16
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#17
κυρίῳ
the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of love reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood love. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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