Romans 16:13

Authorized King James Version

Salute Rufus chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἀσπάσασθε
Salute
to enfold in the arms, i.e., (by implication) to salute, (figuratively) to welcome
#2
Ῥοῦφον
Rufus
red; rufus, a christian
#3
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ἐκλεκτὸν
chosen
select; by implication, favorite
#5
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#6
κυρίῳ
the Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#7
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#8
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
μητέρα
mother
a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)
#10
αὐτοῦ
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#11
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
ἐμοῦ
mine
of me

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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