Romans 16:18

Authorized King James Version

For they that are such serve not our Lord Jesus Christ, but their own belly; and by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
τοιοῦτοι
they that are such
truly this, i.e., of this sort (to denote character or individuality)
#4
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
κυρίῳ
Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#6
ἡμῶν
our
of (or from) us
#7
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#8
Χριστῷ
Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
#9
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#10
δουλεύουσιν
serve
to be a slave to (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary)
#11
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#12
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
ἑαυτῶν
their own
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc
#14
κοιλίᾳ
belly
a cavity, i.e., (especially) the abdomen; by implication, the matrix; figuratively, the heart
#15
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#16
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#17
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
χρηστολογίας
good words
fair speech, i.e., plausibility
#19
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#20
εὐλογίας
fair speeches
fine speaking, i.e., elegance of language; commendation ("eulogy"), i.e., (reverentially) adoration; religiously, benediction; by implication, consecr
#21
ἐξαπατῶσιν
deceive
to seduce wholly
#22
τὰς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
καρδίας
the hearts
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
#24
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#25
ἀκάκων
of the simple
not bad, i.e., (objectively) innocent or (subjectively) unsuspecting

Analysis

The faith and obedience theme here intersects with the proper human response to divine revelation across Scripture. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on faith and obedience particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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