Romans 16:4

Authorized King James Version

Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οἵτινες
Who
which some, i.e., any that; also (definite) which same
#2
ὑπὲρ
for
"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super
#3
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ψυχῆς
life
breath, i.e., (by implication) spirit, abstractly or concretely (the animal sentient principle only; thus distinguished on the one hand from g4151, wh
#5
μου
my
of me
#6
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
ἑαυτῶν
their own
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc
#8
τράχηλον
necks
the throat (neck), i.e., (figuratively) life
#9
ὑπέθηκαν
have
to place underneath, i.e., (figuratively) to hazard, (reflexively) to suggest
#10
οἷς
unto whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#11
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#12
ἐγὼ
I
i, me
#13
μόνος
only
remaining, i.e., sole or single; by implication, mere
#14
εὐχαριστῶ
give thanks
to be grateful, i.e., (actively) to express gratitude (towards); specially, to say grace at a meal
#15
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#16
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#17
πᾶσαι
all
all, any, every, the whole
#18
αἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ἐκκλησίαι
the churches
a calling out, i.e., (concretely) a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation (jewish synagogue, or christian community of members on earth
#20
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
ἐθνῶν
of the Gentiles
a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of life reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood life. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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