Romans 16:15

Authorized King James Version

Salute Philologus, and Julia, Nereus, and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints which are with them.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἀσπάσασθε
Salute
to enfold in the arms, i.e., (by implication) to salute, (figuratively) to welcome
#2
Φιλόλογον
Philologus
fond of words, i.e., talkative (argumentative, learned, "philological"); philologus, a christian
#3
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#4
Ἰουλίαν
Julia
julia, a christian woman
#5
Νηρέα
Nereus
nereus, a christian
#6
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#7
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ἀδελφὴν
G79
sister
a sister (naturally or ecclesiastically)
#9
αὐτοῖς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#10
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
Ὀλυμπᾶν
Olympas
olympas, a christian
#12
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
τοὺς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
σὺν
which are with
with or together (but much closer than g3326 or g3844), i.e., by association, companionship, process, resemblance, possession, instrumentality, additi
#15
αὐτοῖς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#16
πάντας
all
all, any, every, the whole
#17
ἁγίους
G40
the saints
sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine revelation reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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