Romans 1:29

Authorized King James Version

Being filled with all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
πεπληρωμένους
Being filled with
to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute
#2
πάσῃ
all
all, any, every, the whole
#3
ἀδικίᾳ
G93
unrighteousness
(legal) injustice (properly, the quality, by implication, the act); morally, wrongfulness (of character, life or act)
#4
πορνείᾳ,
fornication
harlotry (including adultery and incest); figuratively, idolatry
#5
πονηρίᾳ
wickedness
depravity, i.e., (specially), malice; plural (concretely) plots, sins
#6
πλεονεξίᾳ
covetousness
avarice, i.e., (by implication) fraudulency, extortion
#7
κακίᾳ
maliciousness
badness, i.e., (subjectively) depravity, or (actively) malignity, or (passively) trouble
#8
μεστοὺς
full
replete (literally or figuratively)
#9
φθόνου
of envy
ill-will (as detraction), i.e., jealousy (spite)
#10
φόνου
murder
murder
#11
ἔριδος
debate
a quarrel, i.e., (by implication) wrangling
#12
δόλου
deceit
a trick (bait), i.e., (figuratively) wile
#13
κακοηθείας
malignity
bad character, i.e., (specially) mischievousness
#14
ψιθυριστάς
whisperers
a secret calumniator

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights judgment and justice through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of righteousness connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about righteousness, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by establishing foundational concepts crucial to Romans's theological argument.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on judgment and justice particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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