Proverbs 16:28

Authorized King James Version

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A froward man soweth strife: and a whisperer separateth chief friends.

Original Language Analysis

אִ֣ישׁ man H376
אִ֣ישׁ man
Strong's: H376
Word #: 1 of 7
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
תַּ֭הְפֻּכוֹת A froward H8419
תַּ֭הְפֻּכוֹת A froward
Strong's: H8419
Word #: 2 of 7
a perversity or fraud
יְשַׁלַּ֣ח soweth H7971
יְשַׁלַּ֣ח soweth
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 3 of 7
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
מָד֑וֹן strife H4066
מָד֑וֹן strife
Strong's: H4066
Word #: 4 of 7
a contest or quarrel
וְ֝נִרְגָּ֗ן and a whisperer H5372
וְ֝נִרְגָּ֗ן and a whisperer
Strong's: H5372
Word #: 5 of 7
a slanderer
מַפְרִ֥יד separateth H6504
מַפְרִ֥יד separateth
Strong's: H6504
Word #: 6 of 7
to break through, i.e., spread or separate (oneself)
אַלּֽוּף׃ chief friends H441
אַלּֽוּף׃ chief friends
Strong's: H441
Word #: 7 of 7
familiar; a friend, also gentle; and so, a chieftain (as notable, like neat cattle)

Analysis & Commentary

A froward man soweth strife: and a whisperer separateth chief friends. Ish tahpukhot yeshal lech madon (אִישׁ תַּהְפֻּכוֹת יְשַׁלַּח מָדוֹן, a perverse man sends forth strife). Tahpukhot (תַּהְפֻּכוֹת, perverseness, frowardness) describes twisted character sowing (shalach, שָׁלַח, send, dispatch) conflict. Venirgan mafrid aluf (וְנִרְגָּן מַפְרִיד אַלּוּף, and a whisperer separates close friends). Nirgan (נִרְגָּן, whisperer, slanderer, talebearer) destroys (parad, פָּרַד, separate, divide) intimate friendships. The proverb condemns those who cause division through gossip and slander. Romans 16:17 warns to mark those causing divisions.

Historical Context

Ancient honor-shame cultures made reputation crucial. Whisperers could destroy friendships, marriages, alliances through gossip. Biblical examples include Absalom turning Israel against David through manipulation (2 Samuel 15), Jezebel's scheme against Naboth (1 Kings 21), enemies trying to separate Nehemiah from his supporters (Nehemiah 6:5-9). Paul warned against talebearing that divides communities (2 Corinthians 12:20, 1 Timothy 5:13).

Questions for Reflection