Romans 1:5

Authorized King James Version

By whom we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
δι'
By
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#2
οὗ
whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#3
ἐλάβομεν
we have received
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))
#4
χάριν
grace
graciousness (as gratifying), of manner or act (abstract or concrete; literal, figurative or spiritual; especially the divine influence upon the heart
#5
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#6
ἀποστολὴν
apostleship
commission, i.e., (specially) apostolate
#7
εἰς
for
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#8
ὑπακοὴν
obedience
attentive hearkening, i.e., (by implication) compliance or submission
#9
πίστεως
to the faith
persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ
#10
ἐν
among
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#11
πᾶσιν
all
all, any, every, the whole
#12
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
ἔθνεσιν
nations
a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)
#14
ὑπὲρ
for
"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super
#15
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
ὀνόματος
name
a "name" (literally or figuratively) (authority, character)
#17
αὐτοῦ
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

The faith and obedience theme here intersects with the proper human response to divine revelation across Scripture. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing grace relates to the doctrine of soteriology and God's unmerited favor in salvation and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on faith and obedience particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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