Romans 1:20

Authorized King James Version

For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
ἀόρατα
the invisible things
invisible
#4
αὐτοὺς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#5
ἀπὸ
from
"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)
#6
κτίσεως
the creation
original formation (properly, the act; by implication, the thing, literally or figuratively)
#7
κόσμου
of the world
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
#8
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
ποιήμασιν
by the things that are made
a product, i.e., fabric (literally or figuratively)
#10
νοούμενα
being understood
to exercise the mind (observe), i.e., (figuratively) to comprehend, heed
#11
καθορᾶται
are clearly seen
to behold fully, i.e., (figuratively) distinctly apprehend
#12
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
τε
both or also (properly, as correlation of g2532)
#14
ἀΐδιος
eternal
everduring (forward and backward, or forward only)
#15
αὐτοὺς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#16
δύναμις
power
force (literally or figuratively); specially, miraculous power (usually by implication, a miracle itself)
#17
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#18
θειότης
Godhead
divinity (abstractly)
#19
εἰς
so
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#20
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
εἶναι
are
to exist
#22
αὐτοὺς
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#23
ἀναπολογήτους
without excuse
indefensible

Cross References

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Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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