Romans 2:15

Authorized King James Version

Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;)

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οἵτινες
Which
which some, i.e., any that; also (definite) which same
#2
ἐνδείκνυνται
shew
to indicate (by word or act)
#3
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ἔργον
the work
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#5
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
νόμου
of the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#7
γραπτὸν
written
inscribed (figuratively)
#8
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#9
ταῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
καρδίαις
hearts
the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle
#11
αὐτῶν
their
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#12
συμμαρτυρούσης
also bearing witness
to testify jointly, i.e., corroborate by (concurrent) evidence
#13
αὐτῶν
their
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
συνειδήσεως
conscience
co-perception, i.e., moral consciousness
#16
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#17
μεταξὺ
one another
betwixt (of place or person); (of time) as adjective, intervening, or (by implication) adjoining
#18
ἀλλήλων
one another
#19
τῶν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
λογισμῶν
their thoughts
computation, i.e., (figuratively) reasoning (conscience, conceit)
#21
κατηγορούντων
the mean while accusing
to be a plaintiff, i.e., to charge with some offence
#22
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#23
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#24
ἀπολογουμένων
excusing
to give an account (legal plea) of oneself, i.e., exculpate (self)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine revelation reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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