Exodus 20

Authorized King James Version

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The Ten Commandments

1 And God spake all these words, saying, Word: Deuteronomy 4:36, 5:22. Parallel theme: Deuteronomy 5:4

2 I am the LORDLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty. thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. References God: Leviticus 19:36, 23:43, 26:13, Deuteronomy 5:6, 5:15, 13:10, Psalms 81:10, Hosea 13:4. References Lord: Exodus 13:3, Deuteronomy 7:8 +5

3 Thou shalt have no other gods before me. References God: Deuteronomy 5:7, 6:5, 6:14, Psalms 81:9, Isaiah 46:9, Jeremiah 25:6, 35:15, Matthew 4:10, 1 Corinthians 8:6, Revelation 19:10 +5

4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heavenHeaven: שָׁמַיִם (Shamayim). The Hebrew shamayim (שָׁמַיִם) means heaven or sky—God's dwelling place and the realm above earth. 'The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD's' (Psalm 115:16), yet 'the heaven of heavens cannot contain Him' (1 Kings 8:27). above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Parallel theme: Leviticus 19:4, 26:1, Deuteronomy 5:8, 27:15, Psalms 97:7, Isaiah 42:8, 45:16, Acts 17:29, Romans 1:23, Revelation 16:2 +5

5 Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquityIniquity: עָוֹן (Avon). The Hebrew avon (עָוֹן) encompasses iniquity, guilt, and its punishment—the twisted nature of sin. 'The LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all' (Isaiah 53:6), Christ bearing our guilt and penalty. of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; References God: Exodus 34:14, Deuteronomy 4:24, 6:15, Joshua 23:7, Nahum 1:2. Sin: Numbers 14:18, Deuteronomy 5:9, Joshua 24:19, Psalms 109:14, Jeremiah 32:18 +5

6 And shewing mercyMercy: רַחֲמִים (Rachamim). The Hebrew rachamim (רַחֲמִים) derives from 'womb' (rechem), suggesting tender, maternal compassion. God's mercies are 'new every morning' (Lamentations 3:23), showing His compassionate nature. unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. Grace: Deuteronomy 7:9. Love: Deuteronomy 4:37, John 14:15, 14:21, 1 John 4:19, 5:3, 2 John 1:6. Word: Deuteronomy 5:29. Parallel theme: Acts 2:39 +4

7 Thou shalt not take the name of the LORDLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty. thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. References God: Leviticus 19:12, Deuteronomy 5:11, 10:20, Proverbs 30:9, 2 Corinthians 1:23. References Lord: Joshua 2:12, Jeremiah 4:2. Parallel theme: Joshua 2:17, 9:20, James 5:12 +5

8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Holy: Genesis 2:3, Leviticus 23:3. Parallel theme: Exodus 23:12, Leviticus 19:3, 19:30, 26:2

9 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: Parallel theme: Exodus 23:12, 34:21, 35:2, Leviticus 23:3, Luke 13:14

10 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy GodGod: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim). The Hebrew Elohim (אֱלֹהִים) is a plural form denoting majesty and fullness of deity. Though grammatically plural, it takes singular verbs when referring to the one true God, suggesting the Trinity's plurality within unity.: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: References Lord: Exodus 31:13. Parallel theme: Exodus 34:21, Nehemiah 10:31, Luke 23:56

11 For in six days the LORD made heavenHeaven: שָׁמַיִם (Shamayim). The Hebrew shamayim (שָׁמַיִם) means heaven or sky—God's dwelling place and the realm above earth. 'The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD's' (Psalm 115:16), yet 'the heaven of heavens cannot contain Him' (1 Kings 8:27). and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. Creation: Exodus 31:17

12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORDLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty. thy God giveth thee. References Lord: Colossians 3:20. References God: Leviticus 19:3, Deuteronomy 5:16. Parallel theme: Exodus 21:15, 21:17, Proverbs 20:20, 30:17, Matthew 19:19, Mark 7:10, Luke 18:20 +5

13 Thou shalt not kill. Parallel theme: Exodus 21:14, 21:20, Leviticus 24:21, Deuteronomy 5:17, Isaiah 26:21, Matthew 19:18, Romans 13:9, 1 Timothy 1:9, James 2:11, 2:13 +5

14 Thou shalt not commit adultery. Parallel theme: Leviticus 18:20, 20:10, Deuteronomy 5:18, 2 Samuel 11:27, Romans 13:9, Hebrews 13:4, James 4:4, Revelation 21:8 +3

15 Thou shalt not steal. Parallel theme: Leviticus 19:11, 19:13, Deuteronomy 24:7, Proverbs 11:1, Matthew 19:18, 21:13, John 12:6, Romans 13:9, 1 Corinthians 6:10, Ephesians 4:28 +5

16 Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. Witness: Exodus 23:1, Proverbs 19:5, Matthew 19:18, Acts 6:13. Parallel theme: Psalms 15:3, Proverbs 10:18, 11:13, Ephesians 4:31, 1 Timothy 1:10, James 4:11 +5

17 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's. Parallel theme: Job 31:9, Jeremiah 5:8, Matthew 5:28, Luke 12:15, Romans 7:7, 13:9, Ephesians 5:3, 5:5, Colossians 3:5, Hebrews 13:5 +5

The People's Fear

18 And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off. Parallel theme: Jeremiah 23:23

19 And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not GodGod: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim). The Hebrew Elohim (אֱלֹהִים) is a plural form denoting majesty and fullness of deity. Though grammatically plural, it takes singular verbs when referring to the one true God, suggesting the Trinity's plurality within unity. speak with us, lest we die. References God: Deuteronomy 18:16. Parallel theme: Exodus 33:20, Acts 7:38, Galatians 3:19

20 And Moses said unto the people, Fear not: for God is come to prove you, and that his fear may be before your faces, that ye sin not. References God: Genesis 22:1, Deuteronomy 8:2, 13:3, Isaiah 41:10. Sin: Proverbs 16:6. Parallel theme: 1 Samuel 12:20, Job 28:28, Proverbs 1:7, 3:7, Isaiah 8:13 +5

21 And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was. Darkness: 1 Kings 8:12, 2 Chronicles 6:1, Psalms 18:9, 97:2. Parallel theme: 1 Timothy 6:16

Laws About Altars

22 And the LORD said unto Moses, Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel, Ye have seen that I have talked with you from heavenHeaven: שָׁמַיִם (Shamayim). The Hebrew shamayim (שָׁמַיִם) means heaven or sky—God's dwelling place and the realm above earth. 'The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD's' (Psalm 115:16), yet 'the heaven of heavens cannot contain Him' (1 Kings 8:27).. Parallel theme: Deuteronomy 4:36, Nehemiah 9:13

23 Ye shall not make with me gods of silver, neither shall ye make unto you gods of gold. References God: Exodus 32:31, 2 Kings 17:33, Ezekiel 20:39. Parallel theme: Zephaniah 1:5, Revelation 22:15

24 An altar of earth thou shalt make unto me, and shalt sacrificeSacrifice: זֶבַח (Zevach). The Hebrew zevach (זֶבַח) denotes a sacrifice or offering—an animal slaughtered for worship. Old Testament sacrifices foreshadowed Christ, 'the Lamb of God' (John 1:29). thereon thy burnt offerings, and thy peace offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen: in all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee. Sacrifice: Deuteronomy 12:11. Parallel theme: Deuteronomy 12:5, 16:11, 26:2, 1 Kings 8:29, 9:3, 2 Chronicles 6:6, 7:16, 12:13, Ezra 6:12 +5

25 And if thou wilt make me an altarAltar: מִזְבֵּחַ (Mizbeach). The Hebrew mizbeach (מִזְבֵּחַ) means altar—from the root 'to slaughter.' Altars were places where sacrifices were offered to God, pointing forward to Christ's ultimate sacrifice. of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stone: for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast polluted it. Sacrifice: Joshua 8:31

26 Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto mine altar, that thy nakedness be not discovered thereon. Sacrifice: Ecclesiastes 5:1. Parallel theme: Psalms 89:7, 1 Peter 1:16