Exodus 20:21

Authorized King James Version

And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֥ד
stood
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#2
הָעָ֖ם
And the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#3
מֵֽרָחֹ֑ק
afar off
remote, literally or figuratively, of place or time; specifically, precious; often used adverbially (with preposition)
#4
וּמֹשֶׁה֙
and Moses
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
#5
נִגַּ֣שׁ
drew near
to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causati
#6
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#7
הָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל
unto the thick darkness
gloom (as of a lowering sky)
#8
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#9
שָׁ֖ם
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
#10
הָֽאֱלֹהִֽים׃
where God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the period of Egyptian bondage and wilderness wandering (c. 1440-1400 BCE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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