Isaiah 53

The Suffering Servant

1 Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORDLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty. revealed? Faith: John 1:7, 1:12, 12:38. References Lord: Isaiah 40:5, 51:9, 62:8, Matthew 11:25. Parallel theme: Matthew 16:17, 1 Corinthians 1:18, 1:24 +5

2 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. Parallel theme: Isaiah 11:1, 52:14, Jeremiah 23:5, Zechariah 6:12, Mark 6:3, 9:12, John 18:40, 19:5, Romans 8:3, 1 Peter 2:14 +5

3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Parallel theme: Isaiah 49:7, 50:6, 53:4, 53:10, Matthew 26:67, Mark 14:34, 15:19, Luke 9:22, Hebrews 4:15, 5:7 +5

4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of GodGod: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim). The Hebrew Elohim (אֱלֹהִים) is a plural form denoting majesty and fullness of deity. Though grammatically plural, it takes singular verbs when referring to the one true God, suggesting the Trinity's plurality within unity., and afflicted. References God: John 19:7, 1 Peter 3:18. Parallel theme: Psalms 69:26, Matthew 8:17, Galatians 3:13, Hebrews 9:28, 1 Peter 2:24, 1 John 2:2 +3

5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. Sin: Daniel 9:24, 1 Corinthians 15:3, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 9:28, 1 Peter 3:18. Parallel theme: Matthew 20:28, Romans 4:25, Ephesians 5:2, Hebrews 10:10, 10:14 +5

6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquityIniquity: עָוֹן (Avon). The Hebrew avon (עָוֹן) encompasses iniquity, guilt, and its punishment—the twisted nature of sin. 'The LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all' (Isaiah 53:6), Christ bearing our guilt and penalty. of us all. References Lord: Isaiah 55:7. Sin: Isaiah 53:10, James 5:20, 1 Peter 3:18. Parallel theme: Isaiah 56:11, Psalms 119:176, Romans 4:25, 1 Peter 2:25 +3

7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lambLamb: שֶׂה / כֶּבֶשׂ (Seh / Kebes). The Hebrew seh (שֶׂה) denotes a lamb—central to Israel's sacrificial system. The Passover lamb's blood protected Israel from judgment (Exodus 12), and Isaiah prophesied the Servant would be 'brought as a lamb to the slaughter' (Isaiah 53:7). to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth. Parallel theme: Matthew 26:63, Mark 14:61, 15:5, Luke 23:9, John 19:9, 1 Peter 2:23

8 He was taken from prison and from judgmentJudgment: מִשְׁפָּט (Mishpat). The Hebrew mishpat (מִשְׁפָּט) means judgment or justice—God's righteous decisions and ordinances. God is the Judge of all the earth who 'shall do right' (Genesis 18:25), executing perfect justice.: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken. Judgment: Acts 8:33. Sin: Isaiah 53:5, 53:12, 1 Peter 3:18. Parallel theme: Psalms 69:12, Daniel 9:26, John 19:7, Romans 1:4 +3

9 And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth. Creation: 2 Corinthians 5:21. Parallel theme: Hebrews 4:15, 1 Peter 2:22, 1 John 3:5

10 Yet it pleased the LORDLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty. to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. References Lord: Zechariah 13:7. Sin: Isaiah 53:12, 2 Corinthians 5:21, 1 Peter 2:24. Parallel theme: Romans 6:9, 8:8, 8:32, Galatians 3:13, Ephesians 1:5, Revelation 1:18 +5

11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteousRighteous: צַדִּיק (Tzaddik). The Hebrew tzaddik (צַדִּיק) describes one who is righteous, just, or lawful—conforming to God's standard. From the root tzedek (צֶדֶק), meaning righteousness or justice. servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities. Righteousness: Isaiah 45:25, 1 Peter 2:24, 3:18, 1 John 2:1. Parallel theme: Isaiah 53:8, 53:12, John 16:21, 17:3, Hebrews 12:2 +4

12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sinSin: חַטָּאת (Chatta'ah). The Hebrew chatta'ah (חַטָּאת) means sin—missing the mark of God's standard. It encompasses rebellion, transgression, and falling short of divine holiness. of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. Sin: Isaiah 53:6, Titus 2:14, Hebrews 9:26, 9:28, 12:2, 1 John 2:12. Creation: Hebrews 9:24. Parallel theme: Mark 15:27, Luke 22:37, Romans 8:34 +5