Isaiah 53:12

Authorized King James Version

Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לָכֵ֞ן
properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner
#2
יְחַלֵּ֣ק
Therefore will I divide
to be smooth (figuratively)
#3
ל֣וֹ
H0
#4
רַבִּ֣ים
him a portion with the great
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
#5
וְאֶת
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#6
עֲצוּמִים֮
with the strong
powerful (specifically, a paw); by implication, numerous
#7
יְחַלֵּ֣ק
Therefore will I divide
to be smooth (figuratively)
#8
שָׁלָל֒
the spoil
booty
#9
תַּ֗חַת
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
#10
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#11
הֶעֱרָ֤ה
because he hath poured out
to be (causatively, make) bare; hence, to empty, pour out, demolish
#12
לַמָּ֙וֶת֙
unto death
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
#13
נַפְשׁ֔וֹ
his soul
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
#14
וְאֶת
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#15
וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים
for the transgressors
to break away (from just authority), i.e., trespass, apostatize, quarrel
#16
נִמְנָ֑ה
and he was numbered
properly, to weigh out; by implication, to allot or constitute officially; also to enumerate or enroll
#17
וְהוּא֙
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#18
חֵטְא
the sin
a crime or its penalty
#19
רַבִּ֣ים
him a portion with the great
abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
#20
נָשָׂ֔א
and he bare
to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
#21
וְלַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים
for the transgressors
to break away (from just authority), i.e., trespass, apostatize, quarrel
#22
יַפְגִּֽיעַ׃
and made intercession
to impinge, by accident or violence, or (figuratively) by importunity

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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