Romans 8:34

Authorized King James Version

Who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that died, yea rather, that is risen again, who is even at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τίς
Who
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#2
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
κατακρίνων;
is he that condemneth
to judge against, i.e., sentence
#4
Χριστὸς
It is Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
#5
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
ἀποθανών
that died
to die off (literally or figuratively)
#7
μᾶλλον
rather
(adverbially) more (in a greater degree)) or rather
#8
δὲ
yea
but, and, etc
#9
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#10
ἐγερθείς
that is risen again
to waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from
#11
ὃς
who
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#12
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#13
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#14
ἐν
at
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#15
δεξιᾷ
the right hand
the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usually takes)
#16
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
θεοῦ
of God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#18
ὃς
who
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#19
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#20
ἐντυγχάνει
maketh intercession
to chance upon, i.e., (by implication) confer with; by extension to entreat (in favor or against)
#21
ὑπὲρ
for
"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super
#22
ἡμῶν
us
of (or from) us

Analysis

The judgment and justice theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on judgment and justice particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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