Psalms 109:31

Authorized King James Version

PDF

For he shall stand at the right hand of the poor, to save him from those that condemn his soul.

Original Language Analysis

כִּֽי H3588
כִּֽי
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 7
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
יַ֭עֲמֹד For he shall stand H5975
יַ֭עֲמֹד For he shall stand
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 2 of 7
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
לִימִ֣ין at the right hand H3225
לִימִ֣ין at the right hand
Strong's: H3225
Word #: 3 of 7
the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south
אֶבְי֑וֹן of the poor H34
אֶבְי֑וֹן of the poor
Strong's: H34
Word #: 4 of 7
destitute
לְ֝הוֹשִׁ֗יעַ to save H3467
לְ֝הוֹשִׁ֗יעַ to save
Strong's: H3467
Word #: 5 of 7
properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e., (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
מִשֹּׁפְטֵ֥י him from those that condemn H8199
מִשֹּׁפְטֵ֥י him from those that condemn
Strong's: H8199
Word #: 6 of 7
to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal
נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ his soul H5315
נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃ his soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 7 of 7
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment

Analysis & Commentary

For he shall stand at the right hand of the poor (כִּי־יַעֲמֹד לִימִין אֶבְיוֹן, ki-ya'amod limin evyon)—Amad means stand, take a stand; yamin means right hand, the place of advocacy/defense; evyon means poor, needy, afflicted. To save him from those that condemn his soul (לְהוֹשִׁיעַ מִשֹּׁפְטֵי נַפְשׁוֹ, lehoshi'a mi-shoftei nafsho)—Yasha means save, deliver; shoftei means those who judge; nefesh means soul, life, person.

This verse explains the confidence behind verse 30's praise: God stands as advocate for the powerless. The "right hand" is the position of the defender in court. While enemies accuse, God stands as defense attorney for the evyon (afflicted poor). This anticipates Christ's advocacy: "We have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous" (1 John 2:1). Romans 8:34 says Christ "is at the right hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us."

Historical Context

Ancient courts favored the powerful; the poor rarely received justice (Exodus 23:6, Proverbs 22:22, Isaiah 10:1-2). God's law commanded special protection for the powerless (Deuteronomy 24:17-18). God himself becomes their defender when human courts fail. This theme runs throughout Scripture: God sides with the vulnerable against oppressors.

Questions for Reflection