Ecclesiastes 5:8

Authorized King James Version

If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for he that is higher than the highest regardeth; and there be higher than they.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#2
עֹ֣שֶׁק
the oppression
injury, fraud, (subjectively) distress, (concretely) unjust gain
#3
רָ֠שׁ
of the poor
to be destitute
#4
וְגֵ֨זֶל
and violent
plunder, i.e., violence
#5
מִשְׁפָּ֤ט
perverting of judgment
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
#6
וָצֶ֙דֶק֙
and justice
the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity
#7
תִּרְאֶ֣ה
If thou seest
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#8
בַמְּדִינָ֔ה
in a province
properly, a judgeship, i.e., jurisdiction; by implication, a district (as ruled by a judge); generally, a region
#9
אַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#10
תִּתְמַ֖הּ
marvel
to be in consternation
#11
עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
than they
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#12
הַחֵ֑פֶץ
not at the matter
pleasure; hence (abstractly) desire; concretely, a valuable thing; hence (by extension) a matter (as something in mind)
#13
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#14
וּגְבֹהִ֖ים
and there be higher
elevated (or elated), powerful, arrogant
#15
עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
than they
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#16
וּגְבֹהִ֖ים
and there be higher
elevated (or elated), powerful, arrogant
#17
שֹׁמֵ֔ר
regardeth
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#18
וּגְבֹהִ֖ים
and there be higher
elevated (or elated), powerful, arrogant
#19
עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
than they
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing justice contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Ecclesiastes Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes justice in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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