Romans 8:1

Authorized King James Version

There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Οὐδὲν
no
not even one (man, woman or thing), i.e., none, nobody, nothing
#2
ἄρα
There is therefore
a particle denoting an inference more or less decisive (as follows)
#3
νῦν
now
"now" (as adverb of date, a transition or emphasis); also as noun or adjective present or immediate
#4
κατάκριμα
condemnation
an adverse sentence (the verdict)
#5
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
ἐν
to them which are in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#7
Χριστῷ
Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
#8
Ἰησοῦ·
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#9
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#10
κατὰ
after
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#11
σάρκα
the flesh
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
#12
περιπατοῦσιν,
who walk
to tread all around, i.e., walk at large (especially as proof of ability); figuratively, to live, deport oneself, follow (as a companion or votary)
#13
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#14
κατὰ
after
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#15
πνεῦμα
the Spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

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Analysis

This verse develops the judgment and justice theme central to Romans. The concept of covenant community reflects the development of judgment and justice within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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