Romans 8:33

Authorized King James Version

Who shall lay any thing to the charge of God's elect? It is God that justifieth.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τίς
Who
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#2
ἐγκαλέσει
shall lay any thing
to call in (as a debt or demand), i.e., bring to account (charge, criminate, etc.)
#3
κατὰ
to the charge
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#4
ἐκλεκτῶν
elect
select; by implication, favorite
#5
θεὸς
It is God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#6
θεὸς
It is God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#7
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
δικαιῶν·
that justifieth
to render (i.e., show or regard as) just or innocent

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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