Romans 8:32

Authorized King James Version

He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ὅς
He that
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#2
γε
doubtless, since
#3
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
ἰδίου
his own
pertaining to self, i.e., one's own; by implication, private or separate
#5
υἱοῦ
Son
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
#6
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#7
ἐφείσατο
spared
to be chary of, i.e., (subjectively) to abstain or (objectively) to treat leniently
#8
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#9
ὑπὲρ
for
"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super
#10
ἡμῶν
us
of (or from) us
#11
πάντα
all
all, any, every, the whole
#12
παρέδωκεν
delivered
to surrender, i.e yield up, entrust, transmit
#13
αὐτῷ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
πῶς
how
an interrogative particle of manner; in what way? (sometimes the question is indirect, how?); also as exclamation, how much!
#15
οὐχὶ
not
not indeed
#16
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#17
σὺν
with
with or together (but much closer than g3326 or g3844), i.e., by association, companionship, process, resemblance, possession, instrumentality, additi
#18
αὐτῷ
him
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#19
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
πάντα
all
all, any, every, the whole
#21
ἡμῖν
us
to (or for, with, by) us
#22
χαρίσεται
freely give
to grant as a favor, i.e., gratuitously, in kindness, pardon or rescue

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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