Romans 8:31

Authorized King James Version

What shall we then say to these things? If God be for us, who can be against us?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
τίς
What
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#2
οὖν
then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
ἐροῦμεν
say
an alternate for g2036 in certain tenses; to utter, i.e., speak or say
#4
πρὸς
to
a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,
#5
ταῦτα
these things
these things
#6
εἰ
If
if, whether, that, etc
#7
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
θεὸς
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#9
ὑπὲρ
be for
"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super
#10
ἡμῶν
us
of (or from) us
#11
τίς
What
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
#12
καθ'
can be against
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#13
ἡμῶν
us
of (or from) us

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. Paul's systematic presentation built upon centuries of Jewish understanding about righteousness and divine justice Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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