Isaiah 42:1

Authorized King James Version

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Behold my servant, whom I uphold; mine elect, in whom my soul delighteth; I have put my spirit upon him: he shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles.

Original Language Analysis

הֵ֤ן H2005
הֵ֤ן
Strong's: H2005
Word #: 1 of 13
lo!; also (as expressing surprise) if
עַבְדִּי֙ Behold my servant H5650
עַבְדִּי֙ Behold my servant
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 2 of 13
a servant
אֶתְמָךְ whom I uphold H8551
אֶתְמָךְ whom I uphold
Strong's: H8551
Word #: 3 of 13
to sustain; by implication, to obtain, keep fast; figuratively, to help, follow close
בּ֔וֹ H0
בּ֔וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 4 of 13
בְּחִירִ֖י mine elect H972
בְּחִירִ֖י mine elect
Strong's: H972
Word #: 5 of 13
select
רָצְתָ֣ה delighteth H7521
רָצְתָ֣ה delighteth
Strong's: H7521
Word #: 6 of 13
to be pleased with; specifically, to satisfy a debt
נַפְשִׁ֑י in whom my soul H5315
נַפְשִׁ֑י in whom my soul
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 7 of 13
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
נָתַ֤תִּי I have put H5414
נָתַ֤תִּי I have put
Strong's: H5414
Word #: 8 of 13
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
רוּחִי֙ my spirit H7307
רוּחִי֙ my spirit
Strong's: H7307
Word #: 9 of 13
wind; by resemblance breath, i.e., a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the
עָלָ֔יו H5921
עָלָ֔יו
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 10 of 13
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
מִשְׁפָּ֖ט judgment H4941
מִשְׁפָּ֖ט judgment
Strong's: H4941
Word #: 11 of 13
properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, ind
לַגּוֹיִ֥ם to the Gentiles H1471
לַגּוֹיִ֥ם to the Gentiles
Strong's: H1471
Word #: 12 of 13
a foreign nation; hence, a gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
יוֹצִֽיא׃ upon him he shall bring forth H3318
יוֹצִֽיא׃ upon him he shall bring forth
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 13 of 13
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

Cross References

Luke 3:22And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.Isaiah 61:1The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound;Isaiah 52:13Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high.Philippians 2:7But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:Isaiah 43:10Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me.Matthew 17:5While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him.Isaiah 53:11He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.Isaiah 41:8But thou, Israel, art my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed of Abraham my friend.Ephesians 3:8Unto me, who am less than the least of all saints, is this grace given, that I should preach among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ;John 3:34For he whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God: for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto him.

Analysis & Commentary

This inaugurates the first of four Servant Songs (42:1-4, 49:1-6, 50:4-9, 52:13-53:12), revealing the Messiah's character and mission. 'Behold my servant' uses the Hebrew 'ebed (עֶבֶד), signifying both submission and intimate relationship—the same word describing Moses, David, and the prophets. Yet this Servant is unique: 'mine elect' (bachir, בָּחִיר) means chosen, selected by divine purpose before time. God's soul 'delighteth' (ratsah, רָצָה) in Him—expressing pleasure, favor, and complete satisfaction. This finds fulfillment at Jesus's baptism when the Father declares, 'This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased' (Matthew 3:17), echoing Isaiah's language precisely. The promise 'I have put my spirit upon him' describes the Spirit's anointing without measure (John 3:34), equipping Him for mission. 'He shall bring forth judgment to the Gentiles' (mishpat la-goyim) reveals the Servant's global scope—not merely Israel but all nations. Mishpat encompasses justice, righteousness, and God's revealed will. Christ came to establish God's kingdom of righteousness for all peoples.

Historical Context

Written around 700 BC during Isaiah's ministry to Judah under kings Uzziah through Hezekiah. The 'Servant Songs' puzzled Jewish interpreters—was the Servant Israel collectively, a remnant, or an individual? The suffering described seemed incompatible with messianic expectations of a conquering king. The Septuagint (Greek translation, 250 BC) rendered this passage carefully, preserving its messianic potential. Jesus explicitly applied the Servant identity to Himself (Luke 22:37). The early church saw unmistakable fulfillment: Matthew quotes verse 1 regarding Jesus's ministry (Matthew 12:18-21), identifying Him as the prophesied Servant who would proclaim justice to Gentiles.

Questions for Reflection

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