Hebrews 12:2

Authorized King James Version

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Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.

Original Language Analysis

ἀφορῶντες Looking G872
ἀφορῶντες Looking
Strong's: G872
Word #: 1 of 27
to consider attentively
εἰς unto G1519
εἰς unto
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 2 of 27
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 3 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 4 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
πίστεως of our faith G4102
πίστεως of our faith
Strong's: G4102
Word #: 5 of 27
persuasion, i.e., credence; moral conviction (of religious truth, or the truthfulness of god or a religious teacher), especially reliance upon christ
ἀρχηγὸν the author G747
ἀρχηγὸν the author
Strong's: G747
Word #: 6 of 27
a chief leader
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 7 of 27
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τελειωτὴν finisher G5051
τελειωτὴν finisher
Strong's: G5051
Word #: 8 of 27
a completer, i.e., consummater
Ἰησοῦν Jesus G2424
Ἰησοῦν Jesus
Strong's: G2424
Word #: 9 of 27
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
ὃς who G3739
ὃς who
Strong's: G3739
Word #: 10 of 27
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
ἀντὶ for G473
ἀντὶ for
Strong's: G473
Word #: 11 of 27
opposite, i.e., instead or because of (rarely in addition to)
τῆς G3588
τῆς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 12 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
προκειμένης that was set before G4295
προκειμένης that was set before
Strong's: G4295
Word #: 13 of 27
to lie before the view, i.e., (figuratively) to be present (to the mind), to stand forth (as an example or reward)
αὐτῷ G846
αὐτῷ
Strong's: G846
Word #: 14 of 27
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
χαρᾶς the joy G5479
χαρᾶς the joy
Strong's: G5479
Word #: 15 of 27
cheerfulness, i.e., calm delight
ὑπέμεινεν endured G5278
ὑπέμεινεν endured
Strong's: G5278
Word #: 16 of 27
to stay under (behind), i.e., remain; figuratively, to undergo, i.e., bear (trials), have fortitude, persevere
σταυρὸν the cross G4716
σταυρὸν the cross
Strong's: G4716
Word #: 17 of 27
a stake or post (as set upright), i.e., (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e.,
αἰσχύνης the shame G152
αἰσχύνης the shame
Strong's: G152
Word #: 18 of 27
shame or disgrace (abstractly or concretely)
καταφρονήσας despising G2706
καταφρονήσας despising
Strong's: G2706
Word #: 19 of 27
to think against, i.e., disesteem
ἐν at G1722
ἐν at
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 20 of 27
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
δεξιᾷ the right hand G1188
δεξιᾷ the right hand
Strong's: G1188
Word #: 21 of 27
the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usually takes)
τε and G5037
τε and
Strong's: G5037
Word #: 22 of 27
both or also (properly, as correlation of g2532)
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 23 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θρόνου of the throne G2362
θρόνου of the throne
Strong's: G2362
Word #: 24 of 27
a stately seat ("throne"); by implication, power or (concretely) a potentate
τοῦ G3588
τοῦ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 25 of 27
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
θεοῦ of God G2316
θεοῦ of God
Strong's: G2316
Word #: 26 of 27
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
εκάθισεν is set down G2523
εκάθισεν is set down
Strong's: G2523
Word #: 27 of 27
to seat down, i.e., set (figuratively, appoint); intransitively, to sit (down); figuratively, to settle (hover, dwell)

Cross References

Micah 7:7Therefore I will look unto the LORD; I will wait for the God of my salvation: my God will hear me.1 Peter 3:18For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:Hebrews 1:3Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;Ephesians 5:2And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour.Philippians 1:6Being confident of this very thing, that he which hath begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ:Hebrews 9:28So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.John 6:40And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day.1 Peter 3:22Who is gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels and authorities and powers being made subject unto him.Isaiah 53:3He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.Jude 1:21Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life.

Analysis & Commentary

Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God. This verse presents Christ as both the supreme example and the enabling power for Christian endurance. "Looking unto" (aphorōntes, ἀφορῶντες) means looking away from all distractions to focus intently on one object—Jesus alone. This isn't casual glancing but fixed, concentrated attention on Christ as our pattern and prize.

"Author and finisher" (archēgon kai teleiōtēn, ἀρχηγὸν καὶ τελειωτήν) describes Jesus as both the pioneer who blazes the trail of faith and the perfecter who brings faith to completion. He initiated faith (as the second Adam and founder of a new humanity) and perfects it (bringing believers to maturity). Christ is not merely our example but the source and sustainer of faith itself.

"For the joy set before him" indicates Christ's motivation: not masochistic embrace of suffering but purposeful endurance knowing resurrection glory and redeemed humanity awaited. "Despising the shame" (aischynēs kataphronēsas) means Jesus considered crucifixion's humiliation worthless compared to accomplishing redemption. The cross, Rome's most shameful death reserved for slaves and criminals, became glory's gateway. Now Christ sits "at the right hand of the throne of God," the position of supreme authority and completed work—our future reality secured by His finished work.

Historical Context

The author of Hebrews wrote to Christians tempted to abandon faith under persecution's pressure. By AD 64, Nero had begun systematically persecuting Christians, blaming them for Rome's fire. Believers faced crucifixion, being torn by dogs, and being burned as human torches. The shame of association with a crucified criminal (Jesus) led some to consider recanting their faith.

Crucifixion represented the ultimate shame in Roman culture—a death so degrading that Roman citizens were exempt from it. Victims were stripped naked, nailed or tied to crosses, and left to die slowly in public humiliation. Jesus endured this specifically shameful death, transforming ultimate disgrace into ultimate glory. For original readers facing potential crucifixion themselves, Jesus' example provided powerful encouragement.

The phrase "set down at the right hand" alludes to Psalm 110:1, a messianic prophecy indicating that Christ's suffering led to exaltation and authority. First-century believers needed assurance that their suffering wasn't meaningless but followed Christ's pattern: suffering precedes glory, the cross precedes the crown. Jesus' current position of authority at God's right hand guaranteed that those who endure will also reign with Him (2 Timothy 2:12).

Questions for Reflection

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