Hebrews 12:1

Authorized King James Version

Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Τοιγαροῦν
Wherefore
truly for then, i.e., consequently
#2
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#3
ἡμεῖς
seeing we
we (only used when emphatic)
#4
τοσοῦτον
with so great
apparently from g3588 and g3739) and g3778 (including its variations); so vast as this, i.e., such (in quantity, amount, number of space)
#5
ἔχοντες
are
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
#6
περικείμενον
compassed about
to lie all around, i.e., inclose, encircle, hamper (literally or figuratively)
#7
ἡμῖν
us
to (or for, with, by) us
#8
νέφος
a cloud
a cloud
#9
μαρτύρων
of witnesses
a witness (literally (judicially) or figuratively (genitive case)); by analogy, a "martyr"
#10
ὄγκον
weight
a mass (as bending or bulging by its load), i.e., burden (hindrance)
#11
ἀποθέμενοι
lay aside
to put away (literally or figuratively)
#12
πάντα
every
all, any, every, the whole
#13
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#14
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
εὐπερίστατον
which doth so easily beset
well standing around, i.e., (a competitor) thwarting (a racer) in every direction (figuratively, of sin in genitive case)
#16
ἁμαρτίαν
the sin
a sin (properly abstract)
#17
δι'
with
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#18
ὑπομονῆς
patience
cheerful (or hopeful) endurance, constancy
#19
τρέχωμεν
us and let us run
which uses ????? <pronunciation strongs="drem'-o"/> (the base of g1408) as alternate in certain tenses; to run or walk hastily (literally or figurativ
#20
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
προκείμενον
that is set before
to lie before the view, i.e., (figuratively) to be present (to the mind), to stand forth (as an example or reward)
#22
ἡμῖν
us
to (or for, with, by) us
#23
ἀγῶνα
G73
the race
properly, a place of assembly (as if led), i.e., (by implication) a contest (held there); figuratively, an effort or anxiety

Analysis

Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us. This verse applies the examples of faith from chapter 11 to encourage perseverance. The "cloud of witnesses" (nephos martyrōn, νέφος μαρτύρων) refers to the heroes of faith who provide testimony to God's faithfulness, not spectators watching our performance. Their lives bear witness to the reliability of faith.

"Lay aside every weight" (apothemenoi ogan, ἀποθέμενοι ὄγκον) uses athletic imagery of runners removing unnecessary clothing and weights. "Weight" refers to anything that hinders spiritual progress—not necessarily sin but anything that slows spiritual advancement. The definite article before "sin" (tēn hamartian, τὴν ἁμαρτίαν) may refer to a specific besetting sin or the principle of sin itself.

"Run with patience" (di' hypomonēs trechōmen, δι' ὑπομονῆς τρέχωμεν) combines active effort with patient endurance. The Christian life requires both sustained effort and patient persistence, like a long-distance race rather than a sprint.

Historical Context

The athletic imagery would have been familiar to first-century readers who knew Greek Olympic games and local athletic competitions. Athletes trained rigorously, maintained strict diets, and competed naked to avoid any hindrance. This imagery emphasized the dedication and focus required for Christian living.

The original recipients faced mounting persecution and social pressure to abandon their Christian faith. Some were wavering, discouraged by suffering and the apparent delay of Christ's return. The author uses the metaphor of a race to encourage persistence despite difficulties.

Questions for Reflection

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