Hebrews 12:1

Authorized King James Version

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Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

Original Language Analysis

Τοιγαροῦν Wherefore G5105
Τοιγαροῦν Wherefore
Strong's: G5105
Word #: 1 of 23
truly for then, i.e., consequently
καὶ also G2532
καὶ also
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 2 of 23
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἡμεῖς seeing we G2249
ἡμεῖς seeing we
Strong's: G2249
Word #: 3 of 23
we (only used when emphatic)
τοσοῦτον with so great G5118
τοσοῦτον with so great
Strong's: G5118
Word #: 4 of 23
apparently from g3588 and g3739) and g3778 (including its variations); so vast as this, i.e., such (in quantity, amount, number of space)
ἔχοντες are G2192
ἔχοντες are
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 5 of 23
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
περικείμενον compassed about G4029
περικείμενον compassed about
Strong's: G4029
Word #: 6 of 23
to lie all around, i.e., inclose, encircle, hamper (literally or figuratively)
ἡμῖν us G2254
ἡμῖν us
Strong's: G2254
Word #: 7 of 23
to (or for, with, by) us
νέφος a cloud G3509
νέφος a cloud
Strong's: G3509
Word #: 8 of 23
a cloud
μαρτύρων of witnesses G3144
μαρτύρων of witnesses
Strong's: G3144
Word #: 9 of 23
a witness (literally (judicially) or figuratively (genitive case)); by analogy, a "martyr"
ὄγκον weight G3591
ὄγκον weight
Strong's: G3591
Word #: 10 of 23
a mass (as bending or bulging by its load), i.e., burden (hindrance)
ἀποθέμενοι lay aside G659
ἀποθέμενοι lay aside
Strong's: G659
Word #: 11 of 23
to put away (literally or figuratively)
πάντα every G3956
πάντα every
Strong's: G3956
Word #: 12 of 23
all, any, every, the whole
καὶ also G2532
καὶ also
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 13 of 23
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 14 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
εὐπερίστατον which doth so easily beset G2139
εὐπερίστατον which doth so easily beset
Strong's: G2139
Word #: 15 of 23
well standing around, i.e., (a competitor) thwarting (a racer) in every direction (figuratively, of sin in genitive case)
ἁμαρτίαν the sin G266
ἁμαρτίαν the sin
Strong's: G266
Word #: 16 of 23
a sin (properly abstract)
δι' with G1223
δι' with
Strong's: G1223
Word #: 17 of 23
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
ὑπομονῆς patience G5281
ὑπομονῆς patience
Strong's: G5281
Word #: 18 of 23
cheerful (or hopeful) endurance, constancy
τρέχωμεν us and let us run G5143
τρέχωμεν us and let us run
Strong's: G5143
Word #: 19 of 23
which uses ????? <pronunciation strongs="drem'-o"/> (the base of g1408) as alternate in certain tenses; to run or walk hastily (literally or figurativ
τὸν G3588
τὸν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 20 of 23
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
προκείμενον that is set before G4295
προκείμενον that is set before
Strong's: G4295
Word #: 21 of 23
to lie before the view, i.e., (figuratively) to be present (to the mind), to stand forth (as an example or reward)
ἡμῖν us G2254
ἡμῖν us
Strong's: G2254
Word #: 22 of 23
to (or for, with, by) us
ἀγῶνα the race G73
ἀγῶνα the race
Strong's: G73
Word #: 23 of 23
properly, a place of assembly (as if led), i.e., (by implication) a contest (held there); figuratively, an effort or anxiety

Analysis & Commentary

Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us. This verse employs athletic imagery to describe the Christian life as a disciplined race requiring endurance. The "cloud of witnesses" (nephos martyrōn, νέφος μαρτύρων) refers to the faithful saints catalogued in chapter 11 who testified to God's faithfulness through their lives. These aren't spectators watching us but witnesses whose lives testify to faith's power.

The athletic metaphor continues with "lay aside" (apothemenoi, ἀποθέμενοι), the same term for an athlete stripping off unnecessary clothing before competing. "Every weight" (onkon, ὄγκον) includes not just obvious sins but anything hindering spiritual progress—even good things that become weights. "The sin which doth so easily beset us" uses euperistaton (εὐπερίστατον), meaning "easily entangling" or "clinging closely," describing sin's tendency to wrap around and trip us like loose garments.

"Run with patience" (di' hypomonēs trechōmen) combines active exertion (running) with patient endurance. The race is "set before us" (prokeimenon, προκείμενον), indicating God has appointed each believer's specific course. This isn't aimless running but purposeful pursuit of God's calling. The Christian life requires both explosive effort and long-term endurance, stripping away everything that hinders single-minded devotion to Christ.

Historical Context

The original readers of Hebrews faced severe persecution for their Christian faith, likely under Nero (AD 64-68) or Domitian (AD 81-96). Many were tempted to return to Judaism to escape suffering. The athletic imagery would resonate powerfully, as the Greek games (including the Olympics) were well-known throughout the Roman Empire. Athletes underwent rigorous training and strict discipline, stripping down to essentials for competition.

The "cloud of witnesses" from Hebrews 11 included Old Testament saints who endured suffering without seeing the promised Messiah—a powerful rebuke to readers who had seen Christ yet considered abandoning faith. If Abel, Abraham, Moses, and others persevered through faith in promises they never saw fulfilled, how much more should believers persevere who have witnessed Christ's actual coming?

First-century Christianity required radical commitment. Believers faced loss of property, imprisonment, social ostracism, and death. The metaphor of laying aside "weights" wasn't abstract—some Jewish Christians clung to ceremonial law, temple worship, and cultural acceptance as weights preventing full commitment to Christ. The race required releasing these securities and running with endurance toward the heavenly prize.

Questions for Reflection

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