Exodus 20:18

Authorized King James Version

And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#2
הָעָם֙
And all the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#3
וַיַּ֤רְא
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#4
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#5
ק֣וֹל
and the noise
a voice or sound
#6
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
הַלַּפִּידִ֗ם
and the lightnings
a flambeau, lamp or flame
#8
וְאֵת֙
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#9
ק֣וֹל
and the noise
a voice or sound
#10
הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר
of the trumpet
a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn
#11
וְאֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
הָהָ֖ר
and the mountain
a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
#13
עָשֵׁ֑ן
smoking
smoky
#14
וַיַּ֤רְא
saw
to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
#15
הָעָם֙
And all the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#16
וַיָּנֻ֔עוּ
it they removed
to waver, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively (as subjoined)
#17
וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ
and stood
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
#18
מֵֽרָחֹֽק׃
afar off
remote, literally or figuratively, of place or time; specifically, precious; often used adverbially (with preposition)

Analysis

Within the broader context of Exodus, this passage highlights salvation through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Exodus.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of Exodus Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes covenant community in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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