Exodus 20:19

Authorized King James Version

And they said unto Moses, Speak thou with us, and we will hear: but let not God speak with us, lest we die.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙
And they said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אֶל
near, with or among; often in general, to
#3
מֹשֶׁ֔ה
unto Moses
mosheh, the israelite lawgiver
#4
יְדַבֵּ֥ר
Speak
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#5
אַתָּ֥ה
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
#6
עִמָּ֖נוּ
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#7
וְנִשְׁמָ֑עָה
thou with us and we will hear
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#8
וְאַל
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
#9
יְדַבֵּ֥ר
Speak
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
#10
עִמָּ֛נוּ
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#11
אֱלֹהִ֖ים
but let not God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#12
פֶּן
properly, removal; used only (in the construction) adverb as conjunction, lest
#13
נָמֽוּת׃
with us lest we die
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Exodus. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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