Isaiah 28

Authorized King James Version

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Woe to Ephraim

1 Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose glorious beauty is a fading flower, which are on the head of the fat valleys of them that are overcome with wine! Parallel theme: Isaiah 28:7, Hosea 7:5

2 Behold, the LordLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty. hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand. References Lord: Isaiah 27:1, 29:6, 30:30. Parallel theme: Ezekiel 13:11, Nahum 1:8

3 The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim, shall be trodden under feet: Parallel theme: Isaiah 26:6

4 And the glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be a fading flower, and as the hasty fruit before the summer; which when he that looketh upon it seeth, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up. Glory: Isaiah 28:1. Parallel theme: Hosea 6:4, Micah 7:1, Nahum 3:12

5 In that day shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of his people, Glory: Isaiah 41:16, 45:25, 60:19, 62:3, 1 Peter 5:4. Parallel theme: Job 29:14

6 And for a spirit of judgmentJudgment: מִשְׁפָּט (Mishpat). The Hebrew mishpat (מִשְׁפָּט) means judgment or justice—God's righteous decisions and ordinances. God is the Judge of all the earth who 'shall do right' (Genesis 18:25), executing perfect justice. to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength to them that turn the battle to the gate. Judgment: 1 Kings 3:28, Proverbs 20:8, John 5:30. Spirit: John 3:34, 1 Corinthians 12:8. Parallel theme: Deuteronomy 20:4, Joshua 1:9, 2 Chronicles 32:8, Psalms 46:1 +4

7 But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink are out of the way; the priest and the prophetProphet: נָבִיא (Navi). The Hebrew navi (נָבִיא) means prophet—one who speaks God's word to the people. Prophets received divine revelation and declared God's message, often calling Israel to repentance and foretelling future events. have erred through strong drink, they are swallowed up of wine, they are out of the way through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble in judgment. Prophecy: Jeremiah 14:14, 23:16, Micah 2:11. Parallel theme: Isaiah 3:12, 19:14, Psalms 107:27, Proverbs 20:1, Ecclesiastes 10:17, Matthew 24:29, Luke 21:34 +5

8 For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, so that there is no place clean. Parallel theme: Proverbs 26:11, Jeremiah 48:26

9 Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts. Parallel theme: Isaiah 50:4, 53:1, 54:13, Psalms 50:17, 131:2, Jeremiah 5:31, 6:10, Matthew 11:25, John 3:19, 12:38 +5

10 For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little: Parallel theme: Isaiah 5:4, 28:13, Jeremiah 11:7, Philippians 3:1, 2 Timothy 3:7, Hebrews 5:12

11 For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people. Parallel theme: Deuteronomy 28:49, Jeremiah 5:15, 1 Corinthians 14:21

12 To whom he said, This is the rest wherewith ye may cause the weary to rest; and this is the refreshing: yet they would not hear. Parallel theme: Isaiah 11:10, 30:15, 2 Chronicles 14:11, Jeremiah 6:16, 44:16, Zechariah 7:11, 7:14, Hebrews 12:25 +3

13 But the wordWord: דָּבָר (Davar). The Hebrew davar (דָּבָר) means word, thing, or matter—God's creative and authoritative speech. 'By the word of the LORD were the heavens made' (Psalm 33:6). of the LORD was unto them precept upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little; that they might go, and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken. Word: 2 Peter 3:16. Parallel theme: Isaiah 28:10, Psalms 69:22, Matthew 13:14, 21:44

The Cornerstone in Zion

14 Wherefore hear the word of the LORDLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty., ye scornful men, that rule this people which is in Jerusalem. References Lord: Isaiah 28:22. Word: Isaiah 1:10. Parallel theme: Isaiah 29:20, Acts 13:41

15 Because ye have said, We have made a covenantCovenant: בְּרִית (Berit). The Hebrew berit (בְּרִית) denotes a covenant—a binding agreement, often ratified by blood sacrifice. God's covenants (Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic) structure redemptive history, culminating in the New Covenant. with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves: Covenant: Isaiah 28:18, Daniel 11:22, Hosea 2:18. Creation: Ezekiel 13:22. Parallel theme: Amos 2:4

16 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste. Faith: Romans 9:33, 10:11. References Lord: Zechariah 3:9, Matthew 21:42. References God: Isaiah 30:18, Genesis 49:24. Parallel theme: Psalms 118:22, Mark 12:10, 1 Corinthians 3:11, Ephesians 2:20 +5

17 JudgmentJudgment: מִשְׁפָּט (Mishpat). The Hebrew mishpat (מִשְׁפָּט) means judgment or justice—God's righteous decisions and ordinances. God is the Judge of all the earth who 'shall do right' (Genesis 18:25), executing perfect justice. also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place. Judgment: Romans 2:2. Righteousness: Romans 2:5. Parallel theme: Isaiah 28:2, 2 Kings 21:13, Jeremiah 7:14, Revelation 11:19, 16:21 +2

18 And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it. Covenant: Isaiah 28:15. Parallel theme: Isaiah 7:7, 8:10, 28:3, Daniel 11:40

19 From the time that it goeth forth it shall take you: for morning by morning shall it pass over, by day and by night: and it shall be a vexation only to understand the report. Parallel theme: Habakkuk 3:16

20 For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it. Parallel theme: Isaiah 64:6

21 For the LORDLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty. shall rise up as in mount Perazim, he shall be wroth as in the valley of Gibeon, that he may do his work, his strange work; and bring to pass his act, his strange act. References Lord: Joshua 10:10, 10:12, 2 Samuel 5:20, 5:25. Parallel theme: Isaiah 28:19, 29:14, 1 Chronicles 14:11, 14:16, Lamentations 2:15 +4

22 Now therefore be ye not mockers, lest your bands be made strong: for I have heard from the Lord GOD of hosts a consumption, even determined upon the whole earth. References Lord: Jeremiah 20:7. Creation: Lamentations 1:14. Parallel theme: Psalms 107:16, Jeremiah 15:17, 25:11, 39:7, Matthew 27:39, 27:44, Luke 21:24, Acts 17:32 +5

23 Give ye ear, and hear my voice; hearken, and hear my speech. Parallel theme: Isaiah 1:2, Jeremiah 22:29

24 Doth the plowman plow all day to sow? doth he open and break the clods of his ground? Parallel theme: Jeremiah 4:3

25 When he hath made plain the face thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, and cast in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their place? Parallel theme: Ezekiel 4:9, Matthew 23:23

26 For his GodGod: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim). The Hebrew Elohim (אֱלֹהִים) is a plural form denoting majesty and fullness of deity. Though grammatically plural, it takes singular verbs when referring to the one true God, suggesting the Trinity's plurality within unity. doth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him. References God: Job 39:17, Daniel 1:17. Parallel theme: Exodus 28:3, 36:2, Job 35:11, Psalms 144:1, James 1:17 +2

27 For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. Parallel theme: Isaiah 41:15

28 Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen.

29 This also cometh forth from the LORDLord: יְהוָה / אֲדֹנָי (YHWH / Adonai). When 'LORD' appears in small capitals, it represents the Tetragrammaton YHWH (יְהוָה), God's personal covenant name meaning 'I AM.' When 'Lord' appears normally, it's Adonai (אֲדֹנָי), meaning 'my Lord,' emphasizing sovereignty. of hosts, which is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working. References Lord: Psalms 40:5, 92:5. Parallel theme: Isaiah 9:6, Job 5:9, 37:23, Jeremiah 32:19, Romans 11:33 +2