Isaiah 28:15

Authorized King James Version

Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#2
אֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם
Because ye have said
to say (used with great latitude)
#3
כָּרַ֤תְנֽוּ
We have made
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
#4
בְרִית֙
a covenant
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
#5
אֶת
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
#6
מָ֔וֶת
with death
death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
#7
וְעִם
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
#8
שְׁא֖וֹל
and with hell
hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates
#9
עָשִׂ֣ינוּ
are we
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
#10
חֹזֶ֑ה
at agreement
a beholder in vision; also a compact (as looked upon with approval)
#11
שׁ֣יֹט
when the overflowing
to gush; by implication, to inundate, cleanse; by analogy, to gallop, conquer
#12
שׁוֹטֵ֤ף
scourge
a lash (literally or figuratively)
#13
כִּֽי
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#14
עֲבֹר֙
shall pass through
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
#15
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#16
יְבוֹאֵ֔נוּ
it shall not come
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
#17
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#18
שַׂ֧מְנוּ
unto us for we have made
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
#19
כָזָ֛ב
lies
falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively (idol)
#20
מַחְסֵ֖נוּ
our refuge
a shelter (literally or figuratively)
#21
וּבַשֶּׁ֥קֶר
and under falsehood
an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)
#22
נִסְתָּֽרְנוּ׃
have we hid
to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively

Analysis

The covenant theme here intersects with God's relationship with His people from Abraham through the new covenant. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of evolution from creation covenant through Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, to new covenant. The phrase emphasizing covenant contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's relational commitment from Noah to the new covenant.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on covenant particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show treaty language and adoption practices from the ancient world, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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