Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Judah, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have despised the law of the LORD, and have not kept his commandments, and their lies caused them to err, after the which their fathers have walked:
After pronouncing judgment on six pagan nations, Amos turns to Judah, his home kingdom. The prophetic formula "Thus saith the LORD" establishes divine authority. "For three transgressions of Judah, and for four" uses Hebrew poetic parallelism indicating multiplied, overflowing sin—not literally three or four offenses but systematic, habitual covenant violation. The number pattern (3+1) suggests completeness and certainty of judgment.
"I will not turn away the punishment thereof" translates lo' ashivenu—literally "I will not revoke it," referring to God's decree of judgment. Once God's patience reaches its limit and He decrees judgment, He won't reverse it. The reason: "because they have despised the law of the LORD" (ma'asam et-torat Yahweh). The verb ma'as means to reject, despise, or treat with contempt. Judah didn't merely violate specific commands but rejected God's entire revealed will (torah), the comprehensive instruction He gave to govern covenant life.
"And have not kept his commandments" parallels and intensifies the charge. The verb shamar (keep, guard, observe) indicates faithful, vigilant obedience. Judah failed to guard what God entrusted to them. "Their lies caused them to err" refers to false gods, false prophets, or deceptive ideologies—the Hebrew kazav means lying, deception, or falsehood. "After the which their fathers have walked" indicates generational pattern of idolatry and apostasy, repeating ancestral sins rather than learning from judgment.
Historical Context
This oracle against Judah would shock Amos's audience. Northern Israelites likely approved his judgments on Gentile nations (Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Edom, Ammon, Moab) and probably even Judah, their southern rival. But Amos's indictment of Judah for rejecting God's law establishes a pattern: God judges His own people by higher covenant standards than He judges pagans. Gentile nations face judgment for crimes against humanity; covenant peoples face judgment for covenant unfaithfulness.
Judah's specific sin—despising God's law—differs from the brutal atrocities cited against pagan nations. Judah possessed God's revealed will through Moses, had the temple, the Davidic dynasty, and the priesthood. Their privileges increased their accountability. Jesus later articulated this principle: "For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required" (Luke 12:48). Judah's judgment came through Babylon's destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC, about 160 years after Amos prophesied.
The mention of ancestral sins points to transgenerational patterns of covenant unfaithfulness. Judah's kings often tolerated or promoted idolatry (Rehoboam, Jehoram, Ahaziah, Athaliah, Ahaz, Manasseh), despite occasional reforms under godly kings (Asa, Jehoshaphat, Joash, Hezekiah, Josiah). This instability contrasted with God's unchanging covenant faithfulness, demonstrating human inability to maintain righteousness apart from divine grace.
Questions for Reflection
How does Judah's judgment for rejecting God's law challenge Christian complacency about possessing Scripture without obeying it?
What modern "lies" cause believers to err and perpetuate generational patterns of sin?
How should the reality of increased accountability with increased revelation shape our approach to biblical knowledge?
Analysis & Commentary
After pronouncing judgment on six pagan nations, Amos turns to Judah, his home kingdom. The prophetic formula "Thus saith the LORD" establishes divine authority. "For three transgressions of Judah, and for four" uses Hebrew poetic parallelism indicating multiplied, overflowing sin—not literally three or four offenses but systematic, habitual covenant violation. The number pattern (3+1) suggests completeness and certainty of judgment.
"I will not turn away the punishment thereof" translates lo' ashivenu—literally "I will not revoke it," referring to God's decree of judgment. Once God's patience reaches its limit and He decrees judgment, He won't reverse it. The reason: "because they have despised the law of the LORD" (ma'asam et-torat Yahweh). The verb ma'as means to reject, despise, or treat with contempt. Judah didn't merely violate specific commands but rejected God's entire revealed will (torah), the comprehensive instruction He gave to govern covenant life.
"And have not kept his commandments" parallels and intensifies the charge. The verb shamar (keep, guard, observe) indicates faithful, vigilant obedience. Judah failed to guard what God entrusted to them. "Their lies caused them to err" refers to false gods, false prophets, or deceptive ideologies—the Hebrew kazav means lying, deception, or falsehood. "After the which their fathers have walked" indicates generational pattern of idolatry and apostasy, repeating ancestral sins rather than learning from judgment.