Amos 2:4

Authorized King James Version

Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Judah, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they have despised the law of the LORD, and have not kept his commandments, and their lies caused them to err, after the which their fathers have walked:

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
כֹּ֚ה
properly, like this, i.e., by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
#2
אָמַ֣ר
Thus saith
to say (used with great latitude)
#3
יְהוָ֗ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#4
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#5
שְׁלֹשָׁה֙
For three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
#6
פִּשְׁעֵ֣י
transgressions
a revolt (national, moral or religious)
#7
יְהוּדָ֔ה
of Judah
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
#8
וְעַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#9
אַרְבָּעָ֖ה
and for four
four
#10
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#11
אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ
I will not turn away
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#12
עַֽל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
מָאֳסָ֞ם
the punishment thereof because they have despised
to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
#14
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#15
תּוֹרַ֣ת
the law
a precept or statute, especially the decalogue or pentateuch
#16
יְהוָ֗ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#17
וְחֻקָּיו֙
his commandments
an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage)
#18
לֹ֣א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#19
שָׁמָ֔רוּ
and have not kept
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
#20
וַיַּתְעוּם֙
caused them to err
to vacillate, i.e., reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both
#21
כִּזְבֵיהֶ֔ם
and their lies
falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively (idol)
#22
אֲשֶׁר
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#23
הָלְכ֥וּ
have walked
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#24
אֲבוֹתָ֖ם
H1
the which their fathers
father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
#25
אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃
after
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Amos. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection