Isaiah 28:27

Authorized King James Version

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For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod.

Original Language Analysis

כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 1 of 16
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
לֹ֤א H3808
לֹ֤א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 16
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
בֶֽחָרוּץ֙ with a threshing instrument H2742
בֶֽחָרוּץ֙ with a threshing instrument
Strong's: H2742
Word #: 3 of 16
properly, incised or (active) incisive; hence (as noun masculine or feminine) a trench (as dug), gold (as mined), a threshing-sledge (having sharp tee
י֣וּדַשׁ are not threshed H1758
י֣וּדַשׁ are not threshed
Strong's: H1758
Word #: 4 of 16
to trample or thresh
קֶ֖צַח For the fitches H7100
קֶ֖צַח For the fitches
Strong's: H7100
Word #: 5 of 16
fennel-flower (from its pungency)
וְאוֹפַ֣ן wheel H212
וְאוֹפַ֣ן wheel
Strong's: H212
Word #: 6 of 16
a wheel
עֲגָלָ֔ה neither is a cart H5699
עֲגָלָ֔ה neither is a cart
Strong's: H5699
Word #: 7 of 16
something revolving, i.e., a wheeled vehicle
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 8 of 16
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
וְכַמֹּ֥ן and the cummin H3646
וְכַמֹּ֥ן and the cummin
Strong's: H3646
Word #: 9 of 16
'cummin' (from its use as a condiment)
יוּסָּ֑ב turned about H5437
יוּסָּ֑ב turned about
Strong's: H5437
Word #: 10 of 16
to revolve, surround, or border; used in various applications, literally and figuratively
כִּ֧י H3588
כִּ֧י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 11 of 16
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
בַמַּטֶּ֛ה with a staff H4294
בַמַּטֶּ֛ה with a staff
Strong's: H4294
Word #: 12 of 16
a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),
יֵחָ֥בֶט are beaten out H2251
יֵחָ֥בֶט are beaten out
Strong's: H2251
Word #: 13 of 16
to knock out or off
קֶ֖צַח For the fitches H7100
קֶ֖צַח For the fitches
Strong's: H7100
Word #: 14 of 16
fennel-flower (from its pungency)
וְכַמֹּ֥ן and the cummin H3646
וְכַמֹּ֥ן and the cummin
Strong's: H3646
Word #: 15 of 16
'cummin' (from its use as a condiment)
בַּשָּֽׁבֶט׃ with a rod H7626
בַּשָּֽׁבֶט׃ with a rod
Strong's: H7626
Word #: 16 of 16
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan

Analysis & Commentary

For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. The parable continues to threshing—separating grain from chaff. Different crops require different threshing methods. Fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument (ki lo becherutz yudash qetsach, כִּי לֹא בֶחָרוּץ יוּדַשׁ קֶצַח, for black cummin is not threshed with a threshing sledge). A charutz (חָרוּץ) was heavy sledge with stones/metal for crushing wheat. Using it on delicate fitches/black cummin would destroy them. Neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin (ve-ofan agalah al-kammon yusav, וְאוֹפַן עֲגָלָה עַל־כַּמֹּן יוּסָב, nor is wagon wheel turned on cummin)—too heavy for this delicate spice.

Instead: fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod (ki bematteh yechabbet qetsach ve-kammon bashebet, כִּי בַמַּטֶּה יֵחָבֶט קֶצַח וְכַמֹּן בַּשָּׁבֶט, but with staff is beaten fitches and cummin with rod). Gentle beating releases seeds without crushing. Applied spiritually: God calibrates discipline to each person's capacity. Delicate souls receive gentle correction (staff/rod); harder cases need heavier threshing (sledge/wheel). He knows what we can bear (1 Corinthians 10:13). His discipline is always proportionate, never excessive (Jeremiah 30:11, 46:28).

Historical Context

Ancient threshing matched tool to crop. Heavy sledges for wheat/barley; light beating for delicate seeds. Farmers knew excessive force destroyed value. God similarly proportions trials to believers' strength. Job's testing was severe but measured (Job 1:12, 2:6—God set limits). Peter's sifting was painful but purposeful (Luke 22:31-32). Paul's thorn was distressing but beneficial (2 Corinthians 12:7-10). Church history shows God's gentle handling of tender consciences (Augustine's gradual conversion) versus dramatic confrontations with hardened rebels (Paul's Damascus road). Divine wisdom knows precisely what each soul needs.

Questions for Reflection

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