Isaiah 28:28

Authorized King James Version

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Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen.

Original Language Analysis

לֶ֣חֶם Bread H3899
לֶ֣חֶם Bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 1 of 13
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃ corn is bruised H1854
יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃ corn is bruised
Strong's: H1854
Word #: 2 of 13
to crush (or intransitively) crumble
כִּ֛י H3588
כִּ֛י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 3 of 13
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
לֹ֥א H3808
לֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 4 of 13
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
לָנֶ֖צַח because he will not ever H5331
לָנֶ֖צַח because he will not ever
Strong's: H5331
Word #: 5 of 13
properly, a goal, i.e., the bright object at a distance travelled towards; hence (figuratively), splendor, or (subjectively) truthfulness, or (objecti
אָד֣וֹשׁ be threshing H156
אָד֣וֹשׁ be threshing
Strong's: H156
Word #: 6 of 13
to tread out (grain)
יְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּ H1758
יְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּ
Strong's: H1758
Word #: 7 of 13
to trample or thresh
וְ֠הָמַם it nor break H2000
וְ֠הָמַם it nor break
Strong's: H2000
Word #: 8 of 13
properly, to put in commotion; by implication, to disturb, drive, destroy
גִּלְגַּ֧ל it with the wheel H1536
גִּלְגַּ֧ל it with the wheel
Strong's: H1536
Word #: 9 of 13
wheel
עֶגְלָת֛וֹ of his cart H5699
עֶגְלָת֛וֹ of his cart
Strong's: H5699
Word #: 10 of 13
something revolving, i.e., a wheeled vehicle
וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו it with his horsemen H6571
וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו it with his horsemen
Strong's: H6571
Word #: 11 of 13
a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single nor for mounting ); also (by implication) a driver (in a chariot), i.e., (collectively) cavalry
לֹ֥א H3808
לֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 12 of 13
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃ corn is bruised H1854
יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃ corn is bruised
Strong's: H1854
Word #: 13 of 13
to crush (or intransitively) crumble

Analysis & Commentary

Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen. Bread corn is bruised (lechem yuddaq, לֶחֶם יוּדָק, bread grain is crushed)—wheat/barley for bread undergoes crushing but with limits. Because he will not ever be threshing it (ki lo le-netsach adosh yedeshennu, כִּי לֹא לְנֶצַח אָדוֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁנּוּ, for not forever threshing will he thresh it). Netsach (נֶצַח) means perpetually, continually, forever. Farmers don't thresh endlessly—they stop when grain is separated from chaff. Continued threshing would pulverize grain into useless powder.

Nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen (ve-haham gilgal agalato u-fareshav lo yedoqqennu, וְהָמַם גִּלְגַּל עֲגָלָתוֹ וּפָרָשָׁיו לֹא יְדֻקֶּנּוּ, nor crush it with wheel of his cart, and his horses do not pulverize it). Even heavy threshing has limits—crushing releases grain but doesn't destroy it. Applied to God's discipline: He threshes (allows trials) to separate wheat (faith) from chaff (sin/worldliness) but doesn't continue beyond purpose. His discipline is measured, purposeful, limited. Lamentations 3:31-33: "For the Lord will not cast off for ever...he doth not afflict willingly." God's goal is refined wheat for bread (useful believers), not destroyed powder.

Historical Context

Farmers knew precisely when threshing accomplished its goal and when continued threshing became destructive. Winnowing followed threshing (Matthew 3:12)—another process separating wheat from chaff. God's disciplinary process includes stages: plowing (breaking hard ground), planting (sowing His word), watering (trials producing growth), threshing (separating faith from chaff), winnowing (removing remaining impurities). Each stage is necessary but limited. Church history records severe trials (persecution, suffering) that purified believers but didn't destroy the church—instead producing stronger faith (Tertullian: "the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church").

Questions for Reflection

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