Isaiah 28:2

Authorized King James Version

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Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand.

Original Language Analysis

הִנֵּ֨ה H2009
הִנֵּ֨ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 1 of 15
lo!
חָזָ֤ק hath a mighty H2389
חָזָ֤ק hath a mighty
Strong's: H2389
Word #: 2 of 15
strong (usu. in a bad sense, hard, bold, violent)
וְאַמִּץ֙ and strong one H533
וְאַמִּץ֙ and strong one
Strong's: H533
Word #: 3 of 15
strong or (abstractly) strength
לַֽאדֹנָ֔י Behold the Lord H136
לַֽאדֹנָ֔י Behold the Lord
Strong's: H136
Word #: 4 of 15
the lord (used as a proper name of god only)
כְּ֠זֶרֶם as a flood H2230
כְּ֠זֶרֶם as a flood
Strong's: H2230
Word #: 5 of 15
a gush of water
בָּרָ֖ד of hail H1259
בָּרָ֖ד of hail
Strong's: H1259
Word #: 6 of 15
hail
שַׂ֣עַר storm H8178
שַׂ֣עַר storm
Strong's: H8178
Word #: 7 of 15
a tempest
קָ֑טֶב and a destroying H6986
קָ֑טֶב and a destroying
Strong's: H6986
Word #: 8 of 15
ruin
כְּ֠זֶרֶם as a flood H2230
כְּ֠זֶרֶם as a flood
Strong's: H2230
Word #: 9 of 15
a gush of water
מַ֣יִם waters H4325
מַ֣יִם waters
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 10 of 15
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
כַּבִּירִ֥ים of mighty H3524
כַּבִּירִ֥ים of mighty
Strong's: H3524
Word #: 11 of 15
vast, whether in extent (figuratively, of power, mighty; of time, aged), or in number, many
שֹׁטְפִ֛ים overflowing H7857
שֹׁטְפִ֛ים overflowing
Strong's: H7857
Word #: 12 of 15
to gush; by implication, to inundate, cleanse; by analogy, to gallop, conquer
הִנִּ֥יחַ shall cast down H3240
הִנִּ֥יחַ shall cast down
Strong's: H3240
Word #: 13 of 15
to deposit; by implication, to allow to stay
לָאָ֖רֶץ to the earth H776
לָאָ֖רֶץ to the earth
Strong's: H776
Word #: 14 of 15
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
בְּיָֽד׃ with the hand H3027
בְּיָֽד׃ with the hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 15 of 15
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

Analysis & Commentary

Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand. God's judgment against prideful Ephraim comes through a powerful agent. The Lord hath a mighty and strong one (chazaq ve'amits la-Adonai, חָזָק וְאַמִּץ לַאדֹנָי, literally "a strong and mighty one belonging to the Lord") refers to Assyria, God's instrument of judgment (Isaiah 10:5 calls Assyria "the rod of mine anger"). Though Assyria doesn't know it, they serve God's purposes.

Three metaphors depict unstoppable devastation: tempest of hail (zerem barad, זֶרֶם בָּרָד)—destructive storm; destroying storm (sa'ar qetev, שַׂעַר קָטֶב)—whirlwind of ruin; flood of mighty waters overflowing (zerem mayim kabbirim shofim, זֶרֶם מַיִם כַּבִּירִים שֹׁטְפִים)—overwhelming deluge. The triple imagery emphasizes total, irresistible destruction. Shall cast down to the earth with the hand (hiniach la'arets beyad, הִנִּיחַ לָאָרֶץ בְּיָד) means forcibly thrown down—violent conquest leaving the proud city prostrate in the dust.

Historical Context

In 722 BC, Assyrian king Shalmaneser V besieged Samaria; his successor Sargon II completed the conquest. Assyrian annals boast of deporting 27,290 Israelites and destroying cities. The Northern Kingdom ceased to exist, never restored. This fulfilled Isaiah's prophecy of overwhelming judgment. For Judah watching their sister kingdom fall, this warned of similar fate if they persisted in sin (which came via Babylon in 586 BC). God uses even pagan empires as instruments of His sovereign purposes (Habakkuk 1:5-11), though He later judges them for exceeding His mandate (Isaiah 10:12-19).

Questions for Reflection

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