John 19:30

Authorized King James Version

When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ὅτε
When
at which (thing) too, i.e., when
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
ἔλαβεν
had received
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))
#4
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ὄξος
the vinegar
vinegar, i.e., sour wine
#6
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#8
εἶπεν
he said
to speak or say (by word or writing)
#9
Τετέλεσται
It is finished
to end, i.e., complete, execute, conclude, discharge (a debt)
#10
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
κλίνας
he bowed
to slant or slope, i.e., incline or recline (literally or figuratively)
#12
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
κεφαλὴν
his head
the head (as the part most readily taken hold of), literally or figuratively
#14
παρέδωκεν
and gave up
to surrender, i.e yield up, entrust, transmit
#15
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
πνεῦμα
the ghost
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights divine love through declarative statements that establish theological truth. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of John.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of divine love within the theological tradition of John Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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