John 19:31

Authorized King James Version

The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#2
οὖν
therefore
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
Ἰουδαῖοι
The Jews
judaean, i.e., belonging to jehudah
#4
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#5
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#6
μείνῃ
remain
to stay (in a given place, state, relation or expectancy)
#7
ἐπὶ
upon
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#8
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#9
σταυροῦ
the cross
a stake or post (as set upright), i.e., (specially), a pole or cross (as an instrument of capital punishment); figuratively, exposure to death, i.e.,
#10
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
σώματα
the bodies
the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively
#12
ἐν
on
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#13
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#14
σαββάτου
sabbath day
the sabbath (i.e., shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the observance or institution itself); by extension, a se'nnight,
#15
ἐπεὶ
because
thereupon, i.e., since (of time or cause)
#16
παρασκευὴ
the preparation
readiness
#17
ἦν
it was
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
#18
ἦν
it was
i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)
#19
γὰρ
(for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#20
μεγάλη
an high
big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)
#21
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
ἡμέρα
day
day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of
#23
ἐκείνου
that
that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed
#24
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#25
σαββάτου
sabbath day
the sabbath (i.e., shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the observance or institution itself); by extension, a se'nnight,
#26
ἠρώτησαν
besought
to interrogate; by implication, to request
#27
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#28
Πιλᾶτον
Pilate
close-pressed, i.e., firm; pilatus, a roman
#29
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#30
κατεαγῶσιν
might be broken
to rend in pieces, i.e., crack apart
#31
αὐτῶν
their
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#32
τὰ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#33
σκέλη
legs
through the idea of leanness); the leg (as lank)
#34
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#35
ἀρθῶσιν
that they might be taken away
to lift up; by implication, to take up or away; figuratively, to raise (the voice), keep in suspense (the mind), specially, to sail away (i.e., weigh

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of divine love within the theological tradition of John Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine revelation in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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