John 17:4

Authorized King James Version

I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἐγώ
I
i, me
#2
σε
thee
thee
#3
ἐδόξασα
have glorified
to render (or esteem) glorious (in a wide application)
#4
ἐπὶ
on
properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re
#5
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#6
γῆς
the earth
soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)
#7
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
ἔργον
the work
toil (as an effort or occupation); by implication, an act
#9
ετελείωσα
I have finished
to complete, i.e., (literally) accomplish, or (figuratively) consummate (in character)
#10
which
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#11
δέδωκάς
thou gavest
to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)
#12
μοι
me
to me
#13
ἵνα
to
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#14
ποιήσω·
do
to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood divine revelation. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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