John 17:3

Authorized King James Version

And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
αὕτη
this
the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)
#2
δέ
And
but, and, etc
#3
ἐστιν
is
he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
αἰώνιος
eternal
perpetual (also used of past time, or past and future as well)
#6
ζωή
life
life (literally or figuratively)
#7
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#8
γινώσκωσιν
they might know
to "know" (absolutely) in a great variety of applications and with many implications (as follow, with others not thus clearly expressed)
#9
σὲ
thee
thee
#10
τὸν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
μόνον
the only
remaining, i.e., sole or single; by implication, mere
#12
ἀληθινὸν
true
truthful
#13
θεὸν
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#14
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#15
ὃν
whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#16
ἀπέστειλας
thou hast sent
set apart, i.e., (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or figuratively
#17
Ἰησοῦν
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#18
Χριστόν
Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus

Cross References

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Analysis

The divine love theme here intersects with God's covenantal faithfulness demonstrated throughout salvation history. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation from covenant love in the Old Testament to agape love in the New. The phrase emphasizing life contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about hesed in the Old Testament and agape in the New Testament.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood life. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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