John 8:12

Authorized King James Version

Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Πάλιν
again
(adverbially) anew, i.e., (of place) back, (of time) once more, or (conjunctionally) furthermore or on the other hand
#2
οὖν
Then
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
#3
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
Ἰησοῦς
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#5
αὐτοῖς
unto them
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#6
ἐλάλησεν
spake
to talk, i.e., utter words
#7
λέγων,
saying
properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an
#8
Ἐγώ
I
i, me
#9
εἰμι
am
i exist (used only when emphatic)
#10
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
φῶς
the light
luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative)
#12
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
κόσμου·
of the world
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
#14
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
ἀκολουθῶν
he that followeth
properly, to be in the same way with, i.e., to accompany (specially, as a disciple)
#16
ἐμοὶ
me
to me
#17
οὐ
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#18
μὴ
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#19
περιπατήσει
shall
to tread all around, i.e., walk at large (especially as proof of ability); figuratively, to live, deport oneself, follow (as a companion or votary)
#20
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#21
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
σκοτίᾳ
darkness
dimness, obscurity (literally or figuratively)
#23
ἀλλ'
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#24
ἕξει
shall have
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
#25
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#26
φῶς
the light
luminousness (in the widest application, natural or artificial, abstract or concrete, literal or figurative)
#27
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#28
ζωῆς
of life
life (literally or figuratively)

Cross References

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Analysis

Within the broader context of John, this passage highlights faith and obedience through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of life connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about life, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of John.

Historical Context

The historical context of the late first century during increasing tension between synagogue and church provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The late first-century Jewish-Christian tensions and Hellenistic thought would have shaped how the original audience understood life. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

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