Titus 3:3

Authorized King James Version

For we ourselves also were sometimes foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving divers lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
Ἦμεν
i exist (used only when emphatic)
#2
γάρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
ποτε
sometimes
indefinite adverb, at some time, ever
#4
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#5
ἡμεῖς
we ourselves
we (only used when emphatic)
#6
ἀνόητοι
foolish
unintelligent; by implication, sensual
#7
ἀπειθεῖς
disobedient
unpersuadable, i.e., contumacious
#8
πλανώμενοι
deceived
to (properly, cause to) roam (from safety, truth, or virtue)
#9
δουλεύοντες
serving
to be a slave to (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary)
#10
ἐπιθυμίαις
lusts
a longing (especially for what is forbidden)
#11
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#12
ἡδοναῖς
pleasures
sensual delight; by implication, desire
#13
ποικίλαις
divers
motley, i.e., various in character
#14
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#15
κακίᾳ
malice
badness, i.e., (subjectively) depravity, or (actively) malignity, or (passively) trouble
#16
καὶ
also
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#17
φθόνῳ
envy
ill-will (as detraction), i.e., jealousy (spite)
#18
διάγοντες
living
to pass time or life
#19
στυγητοί
hateful
hated, i.e., odious
#20
μισοῦντες
and hating
to detest (especially to persecute); by extension, to love less
#21
ἀλλήλους
one another
one another

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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