Romans 5:21

Authorized King James Version

That as sin hath reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἵνα
That
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#2
ὥσπερ
as
just as, i.e., exactly like
#3
βασιλεύσῃ
hath reigned
to rule (literally or figuratively)
#4
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἁμαρτία
sin
a sin (properly abstract)
#6
ἐν
unto
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#7
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
θανάτῳ
death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
#9
οὕτως
so
in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)
#10
καὶ
even
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#11
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
χάρις
grace
graciousness (as gratifying), of manner or act (abstract or concrete; literal, figurative or spiritual; especially the divine influence upon the heart
#13
βασιλεύσῃ
hath reigned
to rule (literally or figuratively)
#14
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#15
δικαιοσύνης
righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#16
εἰς
unto
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#17
ζωὴν
life
life (literally or figuratively)
#18
αἰώνιον
eternal
perpetual (also used of past time, or past and future as well)
#19
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#20
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#21
Χριστοῦ
Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
#22
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#23
κυρίου
Lord
supreme in authority, i.e., (as noun) controller; by implication, master (as a respectful title)
#24
ἡμῶν
our
of (or from) us

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights judgment and justice through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of grace connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about grace, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of Hellenistic epistolary literature with sophisticated theological argumentation shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of judgment and justice within the theological tradition of Romans Understanding a worldview shaped by both Jewish monotheism and Greco-Roman philosophical thought helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes grace in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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