Romans 5:17

Authorized King James Version

For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.)

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#4
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
ἑνὸς
by one man's
one
#6
παραπτώματι
offence
a side-slip (lapse or deviation), i.e., (unintentional) error or (wilful) transgression
#7
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
θάνατος
death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
#9
βασιλεύσουσιν
reigned
to rule (literally or figuratively)
#10
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#11
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
ἑνὸς
by one man's
one
#13
πολλῷ
much
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
#14
μᾶλλον
more
(adverbially) more (in a greater degree)) or rather
#15
οἱ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#16
τὴν
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#17
περισσείαν
abundance
surplusage, i.e., superabundance
#18
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
χάριτος
of grace
graciousness (as gratifying), of manner or act (abstract or concrete; literal, figurative or spiritual; especially the divine influence upon the heart
#20
καὶ
and
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#21
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#22
δωρεᾶς
of the gift
a gratuity
#23
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#24
δικαιοσύνης
of righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification
#25
λαμβάνοντες
they which receive
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))
#26
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#27
ζωῇ
life
life (literally or figuratively)
#28
βασιλεύσουσιν
reigned
to rule (literally or figuratively)
#29
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#30
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#31
ἑνὸς
by one man's
one
#32
Ἰησοῦ
Jesus
jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites
#33
Χριστοῦ
Christ
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus

Analysis

Within the broader context of Romans, this passage highlights judgment and justice through universal language and absolute statements. The theological weight of grace connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about grace, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of Romans.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood grace. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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