Romans 5:16

Authorized King James Version

And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment was by one to condemnation, but the free gift is of many offences unto justification.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
καὶ
And
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
#2
οὐχ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#3
ὡς
as
which how, i.e., in that manner (very variously used, as follows)
#4
δι'
it was by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#5
ἑνὸς
one
one
#6
ἁμαρτήσαντος
that sinned
properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e., (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin
#7
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#8
δώρημα·
so is the gift
a bestowment
#9
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
μὲν
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
#11
γὰρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#12
κρίμα
the judgment
a decision (the function or the effect, for or against ("crime"))
#13
ἐκ
is of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#14
ἑνὸς
one
one
#15
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#16
κατάκριμα
condemnation
an adverse sentence (the verdict)
#17
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#18
δὲ
but
but, and, etc
#19
χάρισμα
the free gift
a (divine) gratuity, i.e., deliverance (from danger or passion); (specially), a (spiritual) endowment, i.e., (subjectively) religious qualification, o
#20
ἐκ
is of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#21
πολλῶν
many
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
#22
παραπτωμάτων
offences
a side-slip (lapse or deviation), i.e., (unintentional) error or (wilful) transgression
#23
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#24
δικαίωμα
justification
an equitable deed; by implication, a statute or decision

Analysis

This verse develops the judgment and justice theme central to Romans. The concept of covenant community reflects the development of judgment and justice within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood covenant community. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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