Isaiah 1:18

Authorized King James Version

Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
לְכוּ
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
#2
נָ֛א
'i pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the imperative or future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
#3
וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה
and let us reason together
to be right (i.e., correct); reciprocal, to argue; causatively, to decide, justify or convict
#4
יֹאמַ֣ר
saith
to say (used with great latitude)
#5
יְהוָ֑ה
the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#6
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#7
יִֽהְי֨וּ
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#8
חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤ם
though your sins
a crime or its penalty
#9
כַּשָּׁנִים֙
be as scarlet
crimson, properly, the insect or its color, also stuff dyed with it
#10
כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג
as snow
snow (probably from its whiteness)
#11
יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ
they shall be as white
to make bricks
#12
אִם
used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
#13
יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ
though they be red
to show blood (in the face), i.e., flush or turn rosy
#14
כַתּוֹלָ֖ע
like crimson
a maggot (as voracious); specifically (often with ellipsis of h8144) the crimson-grub, but used only (in this connection) of the color from it, and cl
#15
כַּצֶּ֥מֶר
they shall be as wool
wool
#16
יִהְיֽוּ׃
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Isaiah. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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