Romans 6:16

Authorized King James Version

Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
οὐκ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#2
οἴδατε
Know ye
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#3
ὅτι
that
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
#4
to whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#5
παριστάνετε
ye yield
to stand beside, i.e., (transitively) to exhibit, proffer, (specially), recommend, (figuratively) substantiate; or (intransitively) to be at hand (or
#6
ἑαυτοὺς
yourselves
(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc
#7
δοῦλοί
his servants
a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)
#8
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#9
ὑπακοῆς
obey
attentive hearkening, i.e., (by implication) compliance or submission
#10
δοῦλοί
his servants
a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)
#11
ἐστε
ye are
ye are
#12
to whom
the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
#13
ὑπακούετε
ye obey
to hear under (as a subordinate), i.e., to listen attentively; by implication, to heed or conform to a command or authority
#14
ἤτοι
whether
either indeed
#15
ἁμαρτίας
of sin
a sin (properly abstract)
#16
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#17
θάνατον
death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
#18
or
disjunctive, or; comparative, than
#19
ὑπακοῆς
obey
attentive hearkening, i.e., (by implication) compliance or submission
#20
εἰς
to
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#21
δικαιοσύνην
righteousness
equity (of character or act); specially (christian) justification

Analysis

This verse develops the faith and obedience theme central to Romans. The concept of righteousness reflects the development of faith and obedience within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to systematic theological exposition of the gospel, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on faith and obedience particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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