Romans 6:15

Authorized King James Version

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What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid.

Original Language Analysis

Τί What G5101
Τί What
Strong's: G5101
Word #: 1 of 13
an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)
οὖν then G3767
οὖν then
Strong's: G3767
Word #: 2 of 13
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
ἁμαρτήσομεν, shall we sin G264
ἁμαρτήσομεν, shall we sin
Strong's: G264
Word #: 3 of 13
properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e., (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin
ὅτι because G3754
ὅτι because
Strong's: G3754
Word #: 4 of 13
demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because
οὐκ not G3756
οὐκ not
Strong's: G3756
Word #: 5 of 13
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
ἐσμὲν we are G2070
ἐσμὲν we are
Strong's: G2070
Word #: 6 of 13
we are
ὑπὸ under G5259
ὑπὸ under
Strong's: G5259
Word #: 7 of 13
under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (
νόμον the law G3551
νόμον the law
Strong's: G3551
Word #: 8 of 13
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
ἀλλ' but G235
ἀλλ' but
Strong's: G235
Word #: 9 of 13
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
ὑπὸ under G5259
ὑπὸ under
Strong's: G5259
Word #: 10 of 13
under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (
χάριν grace G5485
χάριν grace
Strong's: G5485
Word #: 11 of 13
graciousness (as gratifying), of manner or act (abstract or concrete; literal, figurative or spiritual; especially the divine influence upon the heart
μὴ God forbid G3361
μὴ God forbid
Strong's: G3361
Word #: 12 of 13
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
γένοιτο G1096
γένοιτο
Strong's: G1096
Word #: 13 of 13
to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

Analysis & Commentary

What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbidti oun? hamartēsōmen hoti ouk esmen hypo nomon alla hypo charin? mē genoito (τί οὖν; ἁμαρτήσωμεν ὅτι οὐκ ἐσμὲν ὑπὸ νόμον ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ χάριν; μὴ γένοιτο). Paul anticipates a second antinomian objection, similar to v. 1 but focused specifically on freedom from law. The aorist subjunctive hamartēsōmen (ἁμαρτήσωμεν, shall we sin?) might suggest isolated acts rather than habitual lifestyle (v. 1's present tense implied continuous sinning). Either way, Paul's answer is the same emphatic negation: mē genoito (μὴ γένοιτο, "God forbid, may it never be!").

The objection reveals misunderstanding: if law-restraint is removed, won't sin increase? Paul's answer (vv. 16-23) shows that freedom from law doesn't mean moral autonomy but slavery transfer: from serving sin to serving righteousness. The question itself is absurd for those who understand grace: grace isn't merely forgiveness but transforming power. Those truly under grace cannot blithely continue in sin because grace changes the heart, producing love for God and hatred of sin. Freedom from law's condemnation brings Spirit-empowered freedom from sin's domination.

Historical Context

Paul likely faced this accusation regularly (Romans 3:8 confirms critics misrepresented his teaching). The charge that grace promotes licentiousness has persisted throughout church history, often arising when the gospel is preached clearly. Jewish critics saw Paul's law-free gospel as undermining moral foundations. The tension between law and grace was central to first-century Jewish-Christian debate. Paul navigates carefully: affirming law's goodness while declaring its inability to produce righteousness, and proclaiming grace's power not only to forgive but to transform.

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