Romans 5:10

Authorized King James Version

For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
εἰ
if
if, whether, that, etc
#2
γὰρ
For
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#3
ἐχθροὶ
enemies
hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)
#4
ὄντες
when we were
being
#5
καταλλαγέντες
being reconciled
to change mutually, i.e., (figuratively) to compound a difference
#6
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
θεῷ
to God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#8
διὰ
by
through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
#9
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
θανάτου
the death
(properly, an adjective used as a noun) death (literally or figuratively)
#11
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#12
υἱοῦ
Son
a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship
#13
αὐτοῦ·
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
#14
πολλῷ
much
(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely
#15
μᾶλλον
more
(adverbially) more (in a greater degree)) or rather
#16
καταλλαγέντες
being reconciled
to change mutually, i.e., (figuratively) to compound a difference
#17
σωθησόμεθα
we shall be saved
to save, i.e., deliver or protect (literally or figuratively)
#18
ἐν
by
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#19
τῇ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#20
ζωῇ
life
life (literally or figuratively)
#21
αὐτοῦ·
his
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to Romans. The concept of life reflects justification by faith as the foundation of Christian hope. The divine name or title here functions within systematic theological exposition of the gospel to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood life. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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