Romans 8:7

Authorized King James Version

Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
διότι
Because
on the very account that, or inasmuch as
#2
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
φρόνημα
mind
(mental) inclination or purpose
#4
τῆς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
σαρκὸς
the carnal
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
#6
ἔχθρα
is enmity
hostility; by implication, a reason for opposition
#7
εἰς
against
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
#8
θεοῦ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#9
τῷ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
γὰρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#11
νόμῳ
to the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#12
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
θεοῦ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#14
οὐχ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#15
ὑποτάσσεται
it is
to subordinate; reflexively, to obey
#16
οὐδὲ
neither
not however, i.e., neither, nor, not even
#17
γὰρ
for
properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
#18
δύναται·
can be
to be able or possible

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the early imperial period under Nero (c. 57 CE) provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The Roman Empire at its height, with sophisticated legal systems, diverse religious practices, and increasing Christian presence in major urban centers shaped Paul's theological arguments. The Greco-Roman urban culture with diverse religious and philosophical influences would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Inscriptions from Corinth and Rome reveal the social dynamics and religious pluralism that shaped early Christian communities.

Questions for Reflection

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