Romans 8:4

Authorized King James Version

That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἵνα
That
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#2
τὸ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#3
δικαίωμα
the righteousness
an equitable deed; by implication, a statute or decision
#4
τοῦ
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
νόμου
of the law
law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat
#6
πληρωθῇ
might be fulfilled
to make replete, i.e., (literally) to cram (a net), level up (a hollow), or (figuratively) to furnish (or imbue, diffuse, influence), satisfy, execute
#7
ἐν
in
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
#8
ἡμῖν
us
to (or for, with, by) us
#9
τοῖς
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#10
μὴ
not
(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether
#11
κατὰ
after
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#12
σάρκα
the flesh
flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or
#13
περιπατοῦσιν
who walk
to tread all around, i.e., walk at large (especially as proof of ability); figuratively, to live, deport oneself, follow (as a companion or votary)
#14
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#15
κατὰ
after
(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)
#16
πνεῦμα
the Spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin

Analysis

The judgment and justice theme here intersects with the broader canonical witness to God's character and purposes. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of progressive revelation that finds its culmination in Christ. The phrase emphasizing righteousness contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's consistent character and purposes.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the cosmopolitan capital of the Roman Empire with diverse populations. The author writes to address a mixed congregation of Jewish and Gentile believers in the imperial capital, making the emphasis on judgment and justice particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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